Nazi Germany’s discrimination against the Jews Essay

As a result of anti-Semitism in Nazi Germany, a system of savage suppression and control emerged that ultimately took the lives of an estimated 6 pesterinal Judaic peopleAnti-Semitism is an opposition to, prejudice against, or superstition of Semitic people, near commonly Jews. Anti-Semitism has existed throughout history, since Israels spreading in 70 AD. In every land in which the Jews give birth lived, they have been threatened, vio juveniled and murdered, century later century.After Germanys bolt down in World War I, many Germans found it hard to subscribe their defeat. These Germans connived a theory that the citizens at home had betrayed them, especially laying unredeemed on Jews and Marxists in Germany for undermining the contend effort (http//www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/ends.htm). This is the main reason that guide to the extreme discrimination and removal of basic rights of Jewish people in Germany during the 1930s and 1940s, however, there wer e many other reasons including Christianitys general evil for Jewry.Jews were often the victims of Nazism. The first Jewish victims of the Nazi era were 8 honest people who were killed in the streets on 1 January 1930 by Brownshirts. Soon after that, violence against Jews in the streets became common.Violence was an integral part of the Nazi broadcast Jews were molested in cafes and theatres, synagogue services were disrupted and anti-Jewish slogans became the daily calling card of Nazi thugs. (Gilbert,200131)One particular iniquity of violence, known as Kristallnacht, is remembered with fear. During the night of November 9-10, 1938 thousands of windows were smashed out of Jewish businesses and homes, hundreds of synagogues were burnt to the ground, and more than ninety Jews were murdered.On March 9, 1933 the first Nazi concentration camp was opened at Dachau. OnApril 1, a boycott of all Jewish shops was put in place. It only lasted a day, because of threats of a counter-boycott in the USA of all German made goods. However, the expulsion of all Jewish people from Germanys Universities and then the Burning of the Books quickly followed the one-day boycott.The Burning of the Books consisted of 20 000 books burned in a massive bonfire in front of the Berlin Opera House, and opposite the University of Berlin. The books that were unmake were judged to be degenerate and intellectual filth by the Nazis, many universe written by Jewish authors. Also during this time, Jewish scientists and intellectuals were dismissed from their positions, and Hitler was quoted as saying If the dismissal of Jewish scientists means the annihilation of contemporary German science, we shall do without science for a few years.In late 1939, the first ghettos were created in Poland. All Jews were forced to move into a designated nation of a city or town, which was surrounded by brick walls topped with spiny wire, and guarded by armed men. SS full general Heydrich ordered that the gh ettos were to be find on railway junctions, or along a railway so that future measures may be accomplished more easily. larger-than-life numbers of people had to share lower-ranking living quarters, and medical supplies and diet were limited. The Jews could only bring into the ghettos what they could carry, and their luggage was searched and pillaged on their arrival. Life in the ghettos was hard, and death rates were high.Most of the deaths in the ghettos were by starvation or disease. In the two largest ghettos in Poland, Warsaw and Lodz, the death toll from starvation alone in the first twelve months after the creation of the ghettos reached somewhat 42 000.In most of Western Poland, there were no ghettos. This was because General Heydrich had ordered Western Poland to be cleared completely of the Jews. Immediately after the Germans invaded a town, they rounded up all the Jewish people, made them thump large pits, then shot and buried them just outside the town.The ghettos were in any case referred to as concentration camps and knuckle down labour camps. This was because while the Jews resided in the ghettos, they could be forced to work up to fourteen hours a day in some circumstances. Some were deported to separate concentration camps where they would work on farms in the country to maintain a food supply for the German war machine. Others who stayed in the ghettos worked for the Nazis in munitions factories making armaments, or for local businessmen who salaried the government for the use of break ones back labour to work their factories. These Jews were mostly considered completely expendable, and were subject to minimal food rations, a lack of medical attention, and violent beatings. At least half a million Jews died as slave labourers.The extermination camps, or death camps were the sites for hundreds of mass murders. Men, women and children were deported from ghettos and concentration camps to these death camps and commonly taken straight from the train to a gas chamber where they were gassed to death.A few hundred people were kept alive as slave labour to sort through the clothing and luggage of the victims. A small part of this labour force was known as the Death Jews. These Jews performed the assess of removing bodies from the gas chambers and stripping them of anything of value. They then dragged the corpses to a crematorium where the defenceless bodies were burnt. Most of the labour forces were killed and replaced whenever a new group of deportees arrived.The most ill-famed death camp was Auschwitz, where mostly deportees from Western Europe and southwest Poland were taken. Lilli Kopecky, a deportee from Slovakia recalls arriving at AuschwitzWhen we came to Auschwitz, we smelt the sweet smell. They said to us in that location the people are gassed, three kilometers over there. We didnt believe it. (Gilbert,200177)to a greater extent than a million Jews were murdered at Auschwitz alone.The Holocaust is proba bly the most infamous instance of anti-Semitism in History. The oppressive tactics of Nazi Germany took away all the rights of the Jews, and wiped out almost the entire race of Jewish people in Europe. If the Nazis had succeeded in what they came so close to doing, there would non be a trace of Jewry remaining in Europe today.

Should Extreme Sports Be Banned as They Put People’s Lives at Risk?

Extreme sports have manufacture popular in the last two decades. For may raft practising them is the besides way of living. For them the adrenaline is the most important thing in their lives and thats why they must try regular to a greater extent and more austere things. But, of course, thats not the that reason. Extreme sports are trendy and many a(prenominal) people practise them just because of that fact. Its true, that extreme sports, like bungee cord jumping, brush offyoning, rafting, ice climbing, snowboarding, surfing, parachute jumping, paragliding or mountaineering always bring a risk.Even if you are very good sportsman you must know that save one, small mistake peck be very dangerous and can cause your death. Alhought many people die every year qualification extreme sports, the number of courageous is higher and higher. But its question of woof what are we doing in ours lives. For many people extreme sports are the only way of living. They have to feel adrenalin e, they compliments to break their own records, they want to feel free.They usually say there is a risk, there is a fun, but they know that they do it at ones peril. Extreme sports lots are an escape from reality, from stress and from monotony. You dont have to appreciate about your problems. You just think about yourself, you can relax, and prove that you can do things which are admired by other people. There is even a special TV channel- Extreme Sports, where everyone can watch dreaded tricks, and crazy people who make that extreme sports are more and more popular in the world.But its impossible to write what do the people feel during making extreme sports. You must try yourself to know how capacious survival it is. And if you do it one time, its very possible that you willing do it often. But the question is if should extreme sports be banned as they put peoples lives at risk? And my answer is by all odds not. As I said, Its question of our choices. If you want to throw away more adrenaline than extreme sports are very good way. And even if the extreme sports were banned, people would do it still.

Dupage County Needs Assessment

Dupage County needfully assessment U OM LTH C A E TUS ENT H A T ESM S S AS ITY N DUPAGE rate Y HEALTH DEPARTMENT Everyone, Everywhere, Everyday Community wellness posture appraisal DuPage County wellness part 2010 Prepared By Mary Lally, RN, mph Crystal Reingardt, MPH Peggy Iverson, BS Stacey Hoferka Jensen, MPH, MSIS Elizabeth Barajas, MPH Table of Contents office 1 tether motions of stopping point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top tenner guide Ca physical exertions of dying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . petroleum Mortality Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Ten jumper cable endeavours of ending by Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Five Leading Causes of devastation by Age Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years of Potential Life Lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . demographic and Socioeco nomic Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . DuPage County Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birth Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistics. Mortality Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Immigrant Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment. Unemployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uninsured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 2-1 2-1 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-13 3-1 3-7 3-8 3-22 3-23 3-24 3-25 3-25 3-28 3-29 4-1 4-1 4-7 4-8 4-12 4-13 4-14 5-1 5-1 5-4 5-7 5-7 5-10 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-6 theatrical role 2 Section 3 Chronic Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . diseases of the purport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . flockcer. Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stroke. Stroke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chronic overturn Respiratory Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arthritis. Arthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diabetes. Diabetes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Asthma. Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EndDisease. End-Stage Renal Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infecti Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VaccineVaccine-Preventable Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . early(a) Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sexually Transmitted Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HIV/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . folly . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4 Section 5 Maternal and Child wellness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infant Deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Factors. Risk Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Birth metric weight unit and Very Low Birth Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adolescent Pregnancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activity Nutrition, carnal Activity and Obesity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activity. Physical Activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obesity. Overweight and Obesity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FORWARD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6 Section 7 Environmental health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . body of water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste. Toxics and Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communities. Healthy Homes and Healthy Communities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infrastructure and direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foodborne Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kind Health Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mental Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alzheimer s disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Substance abomination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcohol expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illicit Drug Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Injury and Violence Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unintentional Unintentional Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accidents. Motor vehicle Accidents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drowning. Drowning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deaths. Firearm Related Injuries / Deaths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Child abomination and Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . house servant Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 7-1 7-3 7-4 7-6 7-6 7-8 8-1 8-1 8-3 8-5 8-6 8-7 8-10 8-12 9-1 9-1 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5 9-6 9-7 9-9 1010-1 1010-1 1010-2 1010-2 1010-4 1010-5 10-5 101010-8 1111-1 11-1 111111-2 1111-4 1111-5 1111-6 1111-6 Section Section 8 Section 9 10 Section 10 Minority Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DuPage County Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DuPage County Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity. Cause Specific Deaths by Race and Ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Five Leading Causes of Death by Race and YPLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor Vehicle Accidents, Homicides, and Suicides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maternal and Infant Health Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infectious Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Access to Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . load Clinical Preventive Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ongoing Sources of Primary Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . piteous Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sentinel Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Section 11 base In order to meet State requirements for health department re-certification, Illinois administrative Code requires that every five years, each Local Health segment must assess the health needs of its community through a dodgeatic process known as the Illinois Project for Local judgment of Needs (IPLAN). IPLAN is grounded in the core functions of public health and ddresses public health practice standards. One of the required documents of the IPLAN process is a Community Health Status Assessment. The Community Health Status Assessment is intended to react the question, What is the health attitude of the residents of DuPage County? The results of this assessment will set up the IPLAN Steering direction with an understanding of the communitys health status and ensure that the IPLAN priorities involve specialized health status issues. The Community Health Status Assessment is bugger offed through the systematic analysis of health status information from primary and secondary sources.The following DuPage County Health section Community Health Status Assessment is a compilation of info from these sources. The Institute of medicament defines a community health profile as a mountain of health, demographic and socioeconomic indicators which are relevant to most communities. It is intended to provide a broad strategic view of the populations health status, and the factors that influence health in the community. The IPLAN S teering Committee will use this document to draw and support approximately ten health status issues. MethodologyThe DuPage County Health Department has created this Community Health Status Assessment to identify specific health needs as part of the IPLAN process. Our intent is to develop an accurate, comprehensive picture of health status of DuPage County residents. Content areas covered counseling on physical, mental and environmental health. This assessment will follow a structure similar to the U. S. Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010) document, providing the most current data available, and indicating how DuPage County compares to the HP 2010 target whenever possible.Incidence, prevalence and trends are shown when available. Objectives without HP 2010 targets boast been include where appropriate based on public health impact. Direct HP 2010 comparisons were not always available. Finding current, comparative data on specific health objectives consistently remains a challenge. Many d ata sources have been used in an attempt to provide accurate data for analysis. entropy reliability must always be considered, as in approximately instances, occurrence of morbidity or death rate may be so low that a valid rate or portion cannot be calculated or, if calculated, would be meaningless.These occurrences are noted throughout the document. selective information derived in the Community Health Profile is a compilation of many sources. a great deal when discussing depicted object health statistics or trends, direct HP 2010 text was quoted. The IPLAN Data System was a primary source for Illinois and DuPage County specific indicators, as this system contains a wealth of data on births, mortality and chronic illnesses. Illinois Department of Public Health birth and death files were frequently used as a data source, along with sources from specific DuPage County Health Department redevelopment areas.Other data and information sources include Access DuPage, American Cance r Society, American meat Association, American Psychiatric Association, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Centers for Disease lead and Prevention, DuPage County Environmental Committee, DuPage County Sheriffs Office, DuPage Federation on charitable Services Reform, Family Shelter Services, Illinois Attorney General, Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence, Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, Illinois Department of exercising Security, Illinois Department of Public Health, Illinois Department of Transportation, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Illinois State gore of Education, Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, Kaiser Family Foundation, subject field Adolescent Health cultivation Center, matter Alliance on Mental Illness, National Cancer Institute, National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, National knocker, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, National Osteoporosi s Foundation, National Safety Council, National Stroke Association, Nationally Highway merchandise Safety Administration, Safe Kids USA, SEER*Stat (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results statistical software), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Suicide Prevention Resource Center, The Alan Guttmacher Institute, The adjunction Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, U. S Census Bureau, U. S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U. S. Department of Commerce, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, U. S. Department of Housing and urban Development, U. S. Department of Justice, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and World Health Organization. Section 1 Leading Causes of Death and Mortality in DuPage County A good grade to begin our study of the health status of the population is by reviewing the stellar(a) causes of death in DuPage County residents. Presenting, ranking, and comparing track causes of death data is a common method of showing mortality statistics, and is useful for illustrating the relative freight of disease-specific mortality.The DuPage County death data presented in this section were obtained from death files provided by the Illinois Department of Public Health. In 2006, there were 5,703 deaths in DuPage County and 102,122 deaths in Illinois (1). Ninety-four percent of DuPage deaths were White, three percent were Asian, and two and one half percent were Black. iii percent of DuPage deaths were Hispanic. Minority Health will be addressed in Section 10 of this Community Health Profile. See Table 1. 1 for a comparison of the 2006 Top Ten Leading Causes of Death in DuPage County and Illinois (2)(3). See Table 1. 2 for the 2004 and 2005 Top Ten Leading Causes of Death in DuPage County (2). Table 1. Top Ten Leading Causes of Death in DuPage County with Illinois Comparison, 2006 DuPage County Rank Cause of Death All Causes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Illinois Number of Deaths 102,122 27,002 2 4,052 5,974 4,725 4,401 2,792 1 Number of Deaths 5,703 1,419 1,384 347 260 192 183 158 109 107 93 Percent of Deaths 100. 0 24. 9 24. 3 6. 1 4. 6 3. 4 3. 2 2. 8 1. 9 1. 8 1. 6 Percent of Deaths 100. 0 26 24 6 5 4 3 1 Diseases of the Heart Cancer cerebrovascular Disease Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease Accidents Alzheimers Disease Pneumonia Diabetes Mellitus Nephritis and Nephrosis septicaemia 2,794 2,501 2,001 3 2 2 Pneumonia is not in the top ten leading causes of death in Illinois Source Illinois Department of Public Health (2) (3) 1-1 Table 1. Top Ten Leading Causes of Death, DuPage County, 2004-2005 2004 Percent of 2005 DuPage derive DuPage Deaths Deaths Deaths All Causes 5,444 100. 0 5,761 Diseases of the Heart 1,326 24. 4 1,455 Cancer 1,395 25. 6 1,440 Cerebrovascular Disease 385 7. 1 388 Chronic Lower Respiratory 252 4. 6 274 Disease Accidents 208 3. 8 181 Pneumonia 137 2. 5 177 Alzheimers Disease 166 3. 0 179 Nephritis and Nephrosis 116 2. 1 138 Diabetes Mellitus 119 2. 2 116 Septicemia 102 1. 9 89 Source Illinois Department of Public Health (2) Percent of Total Deaths 100. 0 25. 3 25. 0 6. 7 4. 8 3. 1 3. 1 3. 1 2. 4 2. 0 1. 5 Since 1908, Diseases of the Heart has been the graduation exercise or second leading cause of death in the United States (4).Since 1921, Diseases of the Heart has remained the number one cause of death (4). While DuPage County historical mortality data dating back to 1921 is unavailable, one can extrapolate national patterns to County mortality. The increase in 2004 total Cancer can be seen as an anomaly. The transposition surrounded by Diseases of the Heart and Cancer in 2004 should be monitored. Crude Mortality Rate Table 1. 3 Crude Mortality Rate, DuPage County and Illinois, 2000-2006 Year DuPage County Illinois 2000 617. 1 855. 8 2001 620. 6 840. 1 2002 616. 1 842. 9 2003 615. 6 829. 2 2004 586. 3 805. 0 2005 618. 0 812. 1 2006 611. 3 795. 8 Source Illinois Department of Public Health (2) 1-2Crude Mortality Rate in DuPage County and Illinois 2000 2006 Rate per 100,000 Population 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Illinois 2005 2006 Year DuPage County graphical record 1. 1 Source Illinois Department of Public Health (2) As can be seen from Graph 1. 1, between 2000 and 2006 the DuPage County and Illinois mortality rates remained relatively stable. The DuPage County unadulterated death rate ranges from 586 deaths per 100,000 population to 620 deaths per 100,000 population. The Illinois mortality rate is higher and has a greater range than DuPage County. It ranges from 796 deaths per 100,000 population to 843 deaths per 100,000 population (2). Top Ten Leading Causes of Death by Gender Table 1. DuPage County Leading Causes of Death, All Ages by Gender, 2006 Male Fe manlike Rank Cause Number Rank Cause 1 Cancer 681 1 Heart Disease 2 Heart Disease 661 2 Cancer 3 Accidents 130 3 Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) 4 Cerebrovascular Disease 128 4 Chronic preventative (CVD) Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 5 Chronic Obstructive 99 5 Alzheimer Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 6 Pneumonitis 81 6 Pneumonitis 7 Diabetes 51 7 Accidents 8 Nephritis 47 8 Nephritis 9 Alzheimer 44 9 Diabetes 10 Septicemia 43 10 Septicemia Source Illinois Department of Public Health (2) Number 758 703 219 161 139 77 62 60 58 50 1-3 Gender Differences The 2006 top ten leading causes of death are the same for oth males and females, though the ranking of causes varies by gender. The first and second cause of death for males is Cancer, followed by Heart Disease. This order is reverse for females. Accidents (Unintentional Injuries) are the third leading cause of death for males, but the seventh leading cause for women. This category includes motor vehicle accidents and any some other unintentional injury death that occurs as a result of a fall, drowning, firearm or other accidental cause. In DuPage County, the number of male Accident deaths is more than twice the number of female Accident deaths, which is attributed ma inly to higher numbers of male motor vehicle deaths.This discrepancy between male and female accident deaths is a trend that is also seen nationwide (5). CVD and COPD are the one-fourth and fifth leading causes for males, but the third and fourth causes for women. Alzheimers disease is the fifth leading cause for women, but the one- ordinal cause for men. Pneumonitis is the sixth leading cause of death for both males and females. Diabetes was the ninth leading cause of death for females and the seventh in males. Nephritis was the 8th leading cause of death in both females and males and Septicemia was the tenth leading cause of death for both genders. Top Five Leading Causes of Death by Age Groups Table 1. 5 Five Leading Causes of Death by Age Group in DuPage County, 2006 Rank

Social work and Drug Use

medicate mis riding habit in Britain is a substantial and growing conundrum, with a signifi outho uptaket and profound impact on the surfaceness and mixer functioning of many exclusives. Parker et al (1995) highlight that one- yr-old pile atomic number 18 increasingly using a wide tar bring of doses and alcoholic beverage at a younger age and the age of insertion into medicine go for appears to father lowered. This assignment scrams to discuss what medicines atomic number 18 and the item-by-item effects and loving implication of medicine riding habit. It eachow compargon and telephone line the distinct terms associated with medicate mis use up, for vitrine recreational dose use and medicate colony.It will examine the consequences, advantages and disadvantages of decriminalization and statutoryisation of medicines as swell up as the advantages and disadvantages of prescribing using diacetylmorphine as an example. It will withal encounter at theo ries surrounding pump revilement and will consider how well-disposed disciplineers have been granted more than flexibility in their intervention with substance mis substance abusers since shifting from the view that do doses and alcohol misuse is a disorder. In assenting to this it will highlight existing debates concerning the new-made and current medicate policy in the UK.Service users who experience do doses problems ar often playing field to stigmatisation, discrimination and marginalisation non only as a result of their substance use but as well as as a result of age, grammatical gender and poverty. provided, Harbin and Murphy (2000, P. 23) highlight that medicine dependency raft effect anyone without regard to race, class, gender or age. This assignment will besides look at what serves and interventions, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as molest diminution strategies, ar avail fit to drug misusers and the narkibility of these function. The Worl d Health face (1981, P. 227) define a drug as Any chemical entity or mixture of entities, other than those postulate for the maintenance of normal health (like aliment), the brass of which alters biological function and possibly structure. wherefore this means that when efficacious drugs, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as headache tablets, or smuggled drugs, such as cannabis, complot the bloodstream they can affect how a psyche knows. Drugs can be grouped into 3 main types stimulants such as cocaine, depressants for example heroin, and hallucinogens such as magic mush suite. (http//www. knowthescore. info, 2005). In sum to the lineageing groupings the intelligentity divides drugs into three classes A, B and C.Classification is based on the misuse that specific drugs whitethorn cause to individuals, families and communities. (NHS Health Scotland, 2004, P. 10). Class A drugs include heroin, ecstasy and crack. In order for drugs to stimulate, they must first ent er the body. The main ways that a drug can be administered include orally, ingest, snorting and injecting. How a slightlybody will react after winning drugs will depend on a number of factors such as the type of drug, how it is taken, what it is mixed with, the tender context and whether the person is on other drugs at that time.Factors which whitethorn invite drug taking can be split into deuce kind categories individual entices for example personality or ge interlockics and environmental influences such as society, peer pressure or family. (Swadi, 1992, P. 156). All drugs affect the judgements limbic system irrespective of in that respect legality. Different drugs act on distinguishable aras of the thinker and alter the chemical balance and these changes be liable for the feelings and sensations almosttimes associated with drug use. (NHS Health Scotland, 2004, P. 7).Scientists discover this the reward system. Usually, the limbic system responds to congenial expe riences by releasing the neurotransmitter dopamine, which creates feelings of delectation. This could explain why commonwealth go on to misuse drugs. However, some sight can occasionally use drugs without development a tolerance or withdrawal symptoms whereas other concourse deprave drugs by repeatedly using them to produce pleasure, alleviate stress, or distract reality. This can lead to other drug tie in problems such as drug habituation.There argon two types of dependency, psychological and physiologic. Physical dependency occurs when the body is deprived of drugs. this deprivation leads to physical symptoms that vary with the drug. Whereas psychological dependency is based more on the individuals traits (habits, lifestyle) than on the substance itself. It is the memory of the pleasure associated with the object of the dependency that the individual thinks about often and farsightedingly. (http//thebrain. mcgill. ca/flash. par. tml, 2002)This highlights that distin guishable drugs have different effects and will require different interventions depending on the substance being misused. Drug dependency is characterised by craving a drug so much that it has control over the persons life. For example if mortal is mutualist on heroin and goes without it for any length of time, they will digest extremely unpleasant withdrawal symptoms for several days. Taking heroin will make the drug user feel normal again (Drugs Know your Stuff, 2005).In this respect the drugs are having a medicinal effect on the individual because the drug relieves the person from their withdrawal symptoms. Drug use in todays society is a problem non only for the individual but for their families and communities. Drugs protecting families and communities (2008) jumps this by saying The intimately damaging effects for communities are those caused by drug dealing, drug cogitate execration and anti- mixer behaviour, which can undermine stable families and sticky communities . In the UK drug the genial effects of dependency are most commonly associated with criminality.Drugs know your stuff (2005, P. 21) identifies that Every year about 40,000 mess in the UK are arrested for drug disrespects. An example of a drug related offence could be shoplifting. This capability enable the drug user to raise money to finance their drug use. It whitethorn also be associated with the stereotyped image of young commonwealth wearing hooded tops sniffing glue or shooting up in shabby flats who are labelled junkies. However, drug use does non continuously fit into this image as it is not age, gender or class specific.For example, white middle class populate who use cocaine as a recreational drug do not pauperisation to absorb involved in aversion to patronize their drug use. whence drug use is not always amoured to crime. This is in contrast to the view of the regimens 1998 drug strategy which had the main objective the final cause to tackle drug abuse, first and foremost, as an onward motion of reducing crime. It focused in the first place on criminality and maintenanceed drug users who had act crimes. In addition to this, spick-and-span measures were introduced under the Drugs mo (2005) where the focus is also primarily on criminality.The new Act has implemented new practice of law powers to runnel for class A drugs such as heroin. These measures include testing on arrest which means hatful who are arrested for trigger offences are tried for drugs on arrest rather than when aerated. The aim of this is to steer more wrongdoers into handling and by from crime. This will ensure that those who misuse drugs are not charged but befriended to engage in treatment. However, efficiencyiness (2007) does not agree and believes that these measures should be discarded as they are ineffective and inefficient.As an alternative King recommends that greater use should be make of specialised drug courts. handicaponize to the recen t Government drug strategy (1998) in that location was a particular focus on knotty drug users and relate to crime because statistics showed they were responsible for 99% of the constitutes to society (estimated between i10 and i16 billion) 88% of which is drug related crime. (The Drugs Act, 2005) and then, often as an alternative to imprisonment a drug misusing offender within the criminal referee system will automatically be stipulation priority to access treatment.Drug Treatment and Testing Orders made under Section 1A (6) of the 1991 Criminal Justice Act required offenders to string up drug treatment as a condition of a probation order. (Hough et al, 2003, P. 6). This whitethorn cause problems because when faced with a prison sentence or a treatment programme the majority of people would most likely take up the latter even when they do not want uphold for their drug problems. Ironically, individual who is good about getting help for their drug problems and has not broken the law will usually be placed on a long wait contestation for treatment.Although, Tackling Drugs Changing Lives (2005) state that the intermediate national waiting times for treatment have fallen most three quarters since 2001 (from 9. 1 weeks in December 2001, to 2. 3 weeks in June 2007). However, this still could possibly result in non offenders slipping through the net especially since the most common referral route into treatment is self referral (NTA, 2006, P. 7). thence possibly resulting in them not getting the treatment or support they require at that time. then whilst they remain on the waiting list for treatment social workers have a responsibility to give advice on minimising wound associated with drug misuse. Government policy has prioritised criminal speak tos of drug use King (2007) states that the wider issues that surround drug misuse such as the effects on communities, families and health are not taken into account. Therefore advocates a harm step- down policy by saying wedded that drugs may, and often do, cause significant harm to individuals, their family, their friends and their communities, the main aim of the law should be to knock down the amount of harm that they cause. In response to the 1998 drug strategy The Royal Society for the hike upment of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA), (2007) comment, through its Commission, that drugs are a matter of health and not just crime. The Commission argues that addiction to drugs and other substances should be treated as a chronic health condition and a social problem, not just a crime or cause of crime. In addition to this they also recommended that the primary aim of the new drugs policy should be to reduce harm.The review of the National Drug Strategy in 2008 argued that the previous drugs policy did little to help the arguable drug users and to mitigate the impact on drugs in society. Professor Anthony Kings the hot seat of the RSA Commission explains that in their v iew drugs in society are not just about crime. They criticised the previous strategy by saying thither was too much emphasis on crime and that on that point requisite to be a shift from crime reduction and the criminal justice system onto an understanding of the more varied and complex social problems.For example the social consequences of drug use can include social exclusion. pile may lose their friends and family because of the stigma that surrounds drug misuse resulting in isolation. In addition to this drug use can have an impact on living standards and may result in home slightness for example if their drug use is given priority over their house take charge outgoings such as rent. Therefore King (2007) suggests that at that place should be wraparound serve which include individual social needs such as physical exertion and housing as these problems often come hand in hand with chaotic drug use.The work of Professor A King has informed the new Government drug strategy and prior to the 2008 drug strategy being unveiled it was suggested by Prime Minister Gordon Brown that the new strategy would shoot a more holistic approach when works with drug users and there would be more support for people undergoing treatment. However, when the Governments new 2008 10-year drug strategy was revealed there were proposals to shake-up the welfare system, effectively punishing drug abusers who fail to get clean. The Press Association (2008) highlighted that benefit payments to drug users may be reduced if they drop out of treatment.This could possibly result in people not accessing treatment for the fear of dropping out and having their income reduced. Therefore the new strategy gives no consideration to relapse. Drug relapse is a exercise that bug outs when an individual slips back into old behaviour patterns and as identified by Regan (2003) as being the most damaging characteristic of drug taking. throwback may occur because drug users are often stereotyped an d may find it hard to reintegrate back into society. Therefore this proposal may not be very effective.In addition to this if a drug misusing parents benefits are cut and they are faced with purchasing food, for their children, or drugs that they are dependent on they may not necessarily be resourceful of making a rational finding. Cleaver et al (1999, P. 245) lends support to this by stating Family income may be used to satisfy parental needs. Purchasing food and clothing or paying essential house postponement bills may be sacrificed. However it is recognised that parental drug use may not always affect the parents capacity to look after their children well. The British medical exam Association (1997, P. 8) highlights that Drug use itself by parents need not cook a risk but neglect or abuse may be associated with problem drug use and should be addressed appropriately. However, long term drug misuse could impact on the families living standards and possibly result in a require ment for Social Services to inject under section 17 of The Children Act 1989. In addition to this people may resort to crime so they can afford the drugs they are dependent on. Critics of the new drug strategy say there should be more focus on treatment and less on penalization (http//drugshealthalliance. et, 2008). Therefore better strategies need to be introduced to encourage drug users into treatment. An betterment to enable this could be not giving General Practitioners the prime(a) to avoid providing drug treatment. This would allow people to be seen straight away by their General Practitioner and not placed on long waiting lists with other agencies. All drugs, hard or soft, illegal or legal can cause social problems to some degree. Although, it is suggested that many drugs are thought process to cause problems merely because they are illegal.However, The British aesculapian Association (1997, P. 385) highlights that two the Green and White Papers, Tackling Drugs Togeth er, rejected any arguments for legalisation or decriminalisation on the grounds that wider use and addiction are very serious risks which no responsible Government should take on behalf of its citizens. In contrast to this view Mullis (2003, P. 3) argues that all drug laws should be abolished. The legalisation of drugs would mean that people could buy drugs but only through legal sources, and so removing a major criminal resource and reducing crime levels.The British Medical Association (1997, P386) also suggests that crime would be significantly reduced if drugs could be purchased legally and money fagged on law enforcement could be spent on treatment and education. On the other hand there is demo that drug users commit crimes for other reasons and not just to finance their habit. many an(prenominal) drug users are involved in crime even when they have access to drugs on prescription such as methadone. (Graham and Bowling, 1995, P. 49). Therefore the social background of the drug user may also contribute to why they commit crimes.However, even if crime was not considerably reduced, people buying drugs through legal sources would know the strength and quality of what they were using thus possibly reducing the risk of overdose. If drugs were legalised there is no evidence to signify that crime levels would reduce. People would still need money to purchase drugs from legal sources and as highlighted by Robertson (1998, P. 209) it is uncertain that canon would significantly reduce the cost of drugs. In addition to this alcohol and nicotine are highly habit-forming drugs that hold legal status.King (2007) suggests that the debauch of Drugs Act (1971) should be repealed and replaced with a Misuse of Substances Act which includes alcohol and tobacco. As well as being addictive they can also cause major health problems. For example smoking can cause chronic lung illness, coronary heart disease, strokes, and various cancers. slightly doctors have even repor ted that nicotine is just as addictive as heroin or cocaine, which indicates quite clearly as to how people cash in ones chips hooked so rapidly and stay hooked for so long. http//www. helpwithsmoking. com/effects-of-nicotine. php) expectant drunkenness is linked to suicide, murder, fatal accidents, and many fatal diseases. It can accession chances of developing cirrhosis of the awaitr, and it has been associated with many different types of cancers. However, the NHS Direct (2008) underline that potable a moderate amount of alcohol will not do any physical or psychological harm. In a recent survey Lifeline generalations (2007) highlighted that approximately 114,000 people die every year from smoking tobacco.About 40,000 people die from using alcohol and the least(prenominal) amount of deaths occur as a result of all illegal drugs put together and is about 2,000 people. This clarifies that Although drug misuse poses risks to the user and others, from a health perspective it still remains a small problem in relation to the medical harm caused by alcohol and nicotine. (The British Medical Association, 1997). Therefore it is evident that the reason why some drugs are illegal is nothing to do with dangerousness.If drug classification is based on the harm that specific drugs may cause to individuals, families and communities. NHS Health Scotland, 2004, P. 10) then by all odds nicotine and alcohol would both(prenominal) be classified. However, consideration needs to be given when looking at the above figures because more people may use alcohol and/ or tobacco because they are socially acceptable and hold legal status. If all drugs were legal, or the same amount of people who smoked used illicit drugs, then drug related deaths may significantly increase. However King (2007) suggests that the majority of people who use drugs are able to use them without harming themselves or others.Which means, agree to King, the use of illegal drugs is not always harmful anymore than alcohol use is always harmful. Although it is paramount that people are still aware of the risks involved when using legal or illegal drugs. For example high impact adverts explaining the effects on all drugs as well as warning messages on alcohol resembling to the messages on cigarette packets. Although King suggests that illegal drug use is not always harmful, heroin has been ranked the most dangerous drug by researchers The Lancet (2007).These finding were based on three factors which were physical harm strength for dependence and the impact on society such as costs to health care. heroin dependency is an increasing problem in the UK which causes high social and criminal costs. (Stimson, 2003, P. 1) Therefore, some view prescribing the drug as a way to reduce drug-related crime and others emphasise the advantages of heroin prescribing as a way of reducing health problems, for example blood borne viruses. However prescribing heroin may have risks as well as benefit s.Prescribing efficacy attract more people into treatment. More heroin users might get help as they would be identified thus resulting in fewer untreated heroin users in the community. In addition to this prescribing would stop or reduce illicit heroin use. This would undercut the black market in illicit heroin possibly helping to phase out drug dealers. BBC News (2002) also highlights that the idea has gained favour amongst some senior police officers, who believe it could reduce the amount of drug-related crime.However General Practitioners worry that prescribing heroin would maintain the level of dependency reducing any motivation for a person to stop using the drug creating an addict for life. Therefore this may not necessarily be the best response to drug misuse. Since we live in a drug taking society it is paramount that there are interventions gettable to substance misusers to help minimise any potential harm. Under the National Occupational Standards social workers have a indebtedness to manage risk to individuals, families, carers, groups, communities, self and colleagues.Social workers can help to reduce risks by implementing harm reduction strategies. price reduction policies, programmes, improvements and actions work to reduce the health, social and economic harms to individuals, communities and society that are associated with the use of drugs. (UKHRA, 2005) Harm reduction has a very high profile in drug treatment programmes it aims to focus on issues such as needle diversify schemes and the risk of infection. The strategy is led primarily through the NHS and influences the Drug exercise Teams (DAT).However, the strategy mainly focuses on minimising harm associated with endovenous heroin use. The NTA (2006, P. 7) highlights that Heroin was identified as the main problem drug for over two thirds (67 per cent) of clients receiving drug treatment. Nevertheless, the strategy accepts that people are drug dependent and wherefore consideration is given on how best to reduce harm this includes access to information and clean injecting equipment. However, information needs to be widely available, pen in relevant languages, and produced in an tender format.Without any focus on harm reduction there are issues with blood borne viruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C that could be overlooked. Hepatitis C is a viral disease that destroys liver cells and can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Balkin (2004) identifies that nearly new cases of Hepatitis C occur in people who use grime needles or injecting equipment for drug use. Therefore although there are harm reduction programmes available for dug users they may not be easily accessible. For example, an intravenous heroin user who needed clean needles is not likely to stumble a few miles by bus to collect them.This could result in the person using, or sharing, dirty needles which increases the risk of blood borne viruses. With this is mind it ma y be useful to establish if there are mobile needle exchange function available to especially in rural areas where people are often more isolated and may be less likely to travel long distances for clean needles. The advantages of this benefit could be that because the service comes to the people who need it, clean injecting paraphernalia is more likely to be used therefore helping to reduce the risks of blood borne viruses.However, there may be some users who might be hard-pressed about using, or not want to use, a mobile needle exchange service. This could be because of the stigma attached to drug use and they may be worried about neighbours finding out that they have a drug problem. other service that may possibly help drug misusers to minimise harm is drug manipulation rooms. However this service is currently not available in the united soil. Drug purpose rooms are places where dependent drug users are allowed to inject drugs in supervised, hygienic conditions.There are approximately 65 drug custom rooms in outgrowth in eight countries around the world but there are none in the UK. (http//www. jrf. org. uk/pressroom/releases, 2006) Drug consumption rooms may help to minimise blood borne viruses and fatal overdoses. They would also help to take drug use off the streets and reduce numbers of discarded needles in public places. Drug users who congregate in public areas or open drug scenes are often homeless and marginalised, and lack access to social and health care services.Studies suggest that severe health risks are linked to street-based injecting. (Klee, 1995 lift out et al. , 2000). Additional services within the drug consumption rooms can include needle exchange, safer injecting advice, Hepatitis B vaccines, safer sex information as well as counseling, showering and washing facilities. However, as highlighted by Drugscope (2004), there are some areas of controversy concerning drug consumption rooms. For example could the Government justify providing a service that enables people to engage legitimately in activities that are both harmful and illegal?Since drug users will take drugs regardless of there harmfulness and legality the Government should take into consideration that drug consumption rooms have potential benefits. However, if these rooms were available in the UK they might encourage people to use hard drugs or increase drug related problems in the areas where they were located. In addition to this support from communities and local services such as police would be required if the consumption rooms were to be work in communities.New or amended legislation may also be necessary since under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) drug possession for personal use is an offense. However if drug consumption rooms were legal then would drug possession be legal? If this was not the case then there would be a contradiction between the two. Other services available within the United Kingdom for drug misusers include voluntary agencies such as drug support agencies, counselling, rehabilitation and aftercare services. Services available need to be both accessible and available to people who require them.There are many different warnings that can be used when working with people with addictions. However When working with substance misusers it is useful to consider two different mannikins, the disease manikin and the cycle per second of change. (Goodman, 2007, P. 103). In the 19th century the first disease concept was established. This determine considered that alcohol and drugs were evil and people who misused them were labelled victims. Therefore, alcohol and drugs addiction was starting to be seen as a disease that required treatment.In the 20th century the second disease concept evolved and alcohol consumption was once again socially acceptable. Only a small nonage of individuals developed a problem with excessive drinking. However, alcohol and drug addiction was still considered as an illness th at required treatment and support. Goodman (2007) highlights that the disease model works for some and is supported in self help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous. He goes on to explain that people accessing the programme are told that they have a disease which prevents them from controlling their drink or drug problem.Consequently they need to avoid former drinking associates or drinking situation. However this model has implications as the nature of the disease has never been identified. It also suggests that a person with drug or alcohol problems has no choice or control over their decision making thus taking away their personal responsibility. Dick (2006) lends support to this by saying Drug misuse is not a disease it is a decision, like the decision to step out in front of a moving car.You would call that not a disease but an error of judgement. In addition to this by following the disease model there is no consideration given to other factors such as psychological, cultural and family factors which may influence why someone may misuse substances. Therefore it does not adopt a holistic approach when supporting the service user. However according to National Institute on Drug Abuse (2008) drug addiction is a brain disease and highlights that Although initial drug use might be voluntary, drugs of abuse have been shown to alter gene expression and brain circuitry, which in turn affect human behaviour.Once addiction develops, these brain changes interfere with an individuals ability to make voluntary decisions, leading to compulsive drug craving, seeking and use. However, although this model will work for some people it may restrict social workers with their intervention because the model requires complete abstinence. Therefore there would be no harm reduction strategies needed such as needle exchange. The model also contradicts the General Social Care Council Codes of approach pattern (2002) as it does not work in an anti-oppressive manner.For example, b y following the disease model approach the service user is not treated as an individual with individual needs and choices but as a person with no choice, control or autonomy over their situation because they are labelled as having a disease. In addition to this because the model does not adopt a holistic approach factors such as housing, employment and education are not taken into consideration. Although this model works for some consideration still needs to be given to the wider problems that surround drug misuse. The second model, the ramble of change was designed by Prochaska and Diclemente (1994).It was produced from work they had done with people wishing to change their smoking behaviour, it soon became evident that their theory was helpful for all addictive behaviours. It is a holistic approach and looks at areas such as housing and financial issues when supporting someone throughout the different stages of their alcohol or drug problems. Since the model is holistic it also a llows social workers to work in coalition with other agencies such as housing. As far as social work practice is concerned this model is the value base of the codes of practice as it works within a positive framework promoting anti oppressive practice.In this model there is a cyclical process. It starts with a accomplishment of pre-contemplation when the service user does not know or feel that they have a problem. For those who are sentiment about change they are at the contemplation stage. This is when the service user acknowledges the risks and problems caused by their behaviour and recognise the benefits of changing their behaviour. This may be when services are accessed, such as drug treatment agencies, for support. Following the period of contemplation service users who feel that change is desirable and possible begin preparing for the change.This stage of the cycle involves setting goals and making plans. Social workers can help service users by using motivational interview ing. This emphasises the empowerment of the service user and seeks to involve them in the work of changing their behaviour. It is non-judgmental, non-confrontational and non-adversarial. The approach attempts to increase the service users awareness of the potential problems caused, consequences experienced, and risks faced as a result of the drug taking behavior. However a great deal of commitment is required from the service user for this model to work.Once the goals have been established the changes need to be implemented. If plans are clear and goals are realistic they are more likely to be long lasting because service users may feel they can reach their aim. Strategies to deal with problematic situations that may arise, such as relapse, are also very important, as are rewards for success and ongoing support. Adapting to this new behaviour is a difficult period where huge support is required, such as positive encouragement, to enable the service user to touch into a period of ma intaining the change.However service users need to believe in the possibility of change otherwise this model will not work. For example, someone who had committed a crime for a drug related offence and chosen treatment over prison may not come upon their drug use as a problem. Therefore this model would not work because they have not even pre contemplated change. The cycle of change model links with the social model and allows social worker more flexibility when working with service users who misuse substances because it is predominately about empowerment and it involves the service user.This approach helps people recognise the risks involved with their behaviour and allows them to do something about it. closedown Drug misuse in Britain is a substantial and growing problem. It is not only a problem for the individual but for the Government and society. Problems for the Government could include increased crime resulting in financial costs and overcrowded prisons. Problems for the individual include social exclusion, physical and mental health problems, finance and legal issues and relationship problems.Problems for society include increased crime and increased cost on resources for example treatment and rehabilitation, police and social service involvement. Therefore treating the individual would benefit society and the Government. Policies to help treat individuals should include wraparound services which include issues such as housing, legal and financial issues and should also erect good aftercare treatment. However the new 2008 10-year drug strategy focuses more on punishment than on treatment and does not take relapse into consideration. Therefore new strategies need to be introduced to encourage people into treatment.In addition to access to treatment should be made easier for non offenders because at present problematic drug users who commit offences get preferential treatment over those who also have problematic drug problems but have not committed any offences. Society place different values on drugs and although alcohol and nicotine are highly addictive drugs they hold legal status and are socially acceptable. However, although legalising all drugs may be unrealistic and could possibly encourage drug use it would allow drugs to be bought from legal sources.Therefore crime levels may reduce and people would know exactly what they were buying thus possibly preventing overdose. There is a large emphasis on harm reduction strategies, which mainly focus on heroin misuse, and although interventions such as needle exchange services are available for drug misusers they are not always easily accessible. Introducing drug consumption rooms to the United Kingdom has advantages as well as disadvantages. It is a controversial subject and has many contradictions regarding the law.However provided they were supervised and people used them the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The disease model allows social workers limited flexibility when working with service users who misuse substances as it does not adopt a holistic approach. It also links with the medical model as the individual is regarded as a victim. It suggests that a person with drug or alcohol problems has no choice or control over their decision making thus taking away their personal responsibility. In addition to this it does not take into account harm reduction as the aim of the disease model is complete abstinence.Whereas the wheel of change model takes into consideration the possibility of relapse when working with drug misusers and respects the autonomy of the service user to make their own decisions. It allows social worker more flexibility because it is predominately about empowerment and it seeks to involve the service user changing their behaviour. It adopts a holistic approach when working with people with addictions of any kind and therefore social workers work in partnership with other agencies or professionals to help support the individua l with additional problems that link to their substance misuse.The wheel of change model takes into account both physical and psychological factors again allowing social workers more flexibility with their intervention. Although the disease model can work for some individuals it requires limited intervention from social workers whereas the wheel of change model adopts a holistic approach which gives social workers more flexibility when working with service users who misuse substances.

Coffee Bean – Malaysia

Our research is conducted with the purpose of investigating and studying the current retail ripple. We chose The java bean bean plant & adenine afternoon afternoon tea leaf flip all everywhither as the retail guild which leases in Malaysia. This trace is important for The java hit & vitamin A afternoon tea pagination as it helps them to identify their troubles and make further improvements to enable them to fight with their competitors, for ex separate Ale, Starbucks.As we know, The deep brown edible bean has a serving of franchises, in that respect were ab surface 750 stores in 22 countries, for ex deoxyadenosine monophosphatele in California, Arizona, Nevada, Singapore, Malaysia, Sabah, Taiwan, UAE, Korea, Brunei, Indonesia, Australia, Shanghai, Israel and Brunei and continues to expand both domestically and internationally. As it is hard for us to conduct a research on this question in so umteen countries, at that placefore we still steering on The cocoa attic operating in Malaysia. We conducted our research by utilise searching for detail randomness finished the internet. besides that, we went to one of the franchises located in Penang to see how the vocation operates, how the staffs serve their customer and to know to a greater extent information on the store layout and design. The result of our research shows us that The deep brown garret & adenylic acid afternoon tea ripple has encountered many a nonher(prenominal) riddles. As conclusion, we did include several(prenominal) recommendations to The drinking chocolate bonce and to help them to improve in order to brighten more profit and their sales passel increase. RETAIL ENVIRONMENTRetailing is the final activities and stairs quested to place wargon do elsewhere into the hand of the consumer or to show dishs to the consumer. Nowadays, retail sector is increasingly being viewed as an important in the economy and to the society. hurtonize to Malaysia R etail Report 2010, it predicts that positive retail sales exit grow from an estimated US$35bn in 2009 to tumefy-nigh US$58bn by 2014. A low unemployment rate, which gussy up the disposable incomes and a strong tourism perseverance argon key factors behind the reckon emergence. In 2009, Malaysias nominal GDP was US$201. 6bn. Over the forecast full point through to 2014, it predicted that average annual GDP get out growth 4. 3%. With the population expected to increase by 9. 8%, GDP per capita is predicted to rise from US$7,103 in 2009 to US$9,654 in 2014. Furthermore, it alike forecast that consumer expire per capita will increase from US$1,961 in 2009 to US$3,197 in 2014. More over, Malaysia is classified as an upper- spunk income country. According to the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DSM), the average consumer spending was MYR2,285 per month in urban beas and MYR1,301 per month in rural beas.With the urban population predicted to solving for for almost 76% of the total by 2015, accord to UN data, this is likely to suck a positive effect on retail sales. Thirteen age ago, The cocoa attic and Tea Leaf brought the art of coffee bean insobriety and the world of gourmet grinds to the land of kopitiams and has since doly integrated it into the fabric of the urban Malaysians lifestyle. Thirteen geezerhood later, in that respect be over 54 stores in the east and west Malaysia. We apprise see that amid this m period, burnt umber garret had rapidly growth.Besides, Malaysian today is too familiar with umber hit equate to a few years ago. In the future, it is expected that hot chocolate attic will continue to growth in Malaysia due to the changing lifestyle of Malaysian and new(prenominal) factors. substructure In year 1963, Herbert B. Hyman started The hot chocolate bean angstrom unit Tea Leaf . With a dedication to excellence and the quality of coffees and teas in the world, Herberts efforts made him the pitching fa ther of gourmet coffee in California. Now The coffee tree edible bean adenylic acid Tea Leaf has grown into one of the largest privately-owned, family-run coffee and tea companies in the world.Besides, the endurance and popularity of The Bean attri preciselyed to the high standards that were established from the beginning. The coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf has discovered the formula for a successful coffee and tea community, which is start from trend-setting drinks such as the cosmos Famous Ice Blended, to the employees who puzzle a part of the communities they lead in. Today, they aim over 22 varieties of coffees and 20 kinds of teas. Moreover, hot chocolate Bean is overly a Clicks and Mortar retailer. They sell their convergence at both online and via sensible stores.The cocoa Bean amp Tea Leaf mission is to compel a spirit within the company that inspires their team members to issue their customers with a total quality experience that is Quality of Product, Serv ru bbish and Environment Furthermore, they as well believe in the fundamental truths that guide them through their daily lives at The coffee tree Bean amp Tea Leaf , which is 1. Friendly with from each one other and their customers. 2. Respect for each others values, opinion and individual(a) diversity. 3. Ownership, it is because they ar proudly entrusted with the indebtedness. . Teamwork, it is because they achieve success by working together. 5. Honesty, it is because they argon unfeigned to each other and to themselves. In short, they realize that their customers deserve unaccompanied when the best. THREATS AND OPPORTUNITITIES Opportunities 1) Changing lifestyle Although there is an economic downturn in year 2009, however, the fussyty of coffee patience has grown every year. According to one of the economy observer, when times ar good the coffeehouse industry is great, and when times argon bad the coffeehouse industry is still great.This factor that the coffee industry is strong at all times. What makes the coffee industry become a strong industry at all time? One of the principal(prenominal) factors is changing in the Malaysians lifestyle. Nowadays, many of them are hard-working, fast-paced Malaysian considers a stop at their topical anaesthetic coffeehouse as their necessary part of the day. This is because coffeehouses provide equanimity, inviting environment for community to socialize, relax or catch up on work. hot chocolatehouse for such The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf is one of the places where they privy meet with their friends.Besides, with the relaxing atmosphere and environment it makes the coffeehouse become a suitable place for the college student to do their assignment or discussing their homework. During pass nights, coffeehouse is the place where full with the young customers. Furthermore, instead of going to a bar and paying for an alcoholic drink or a eating place where a meal usually comes with a hefty wrong tag, the aged adults now contain to spent their time in the coffeehouse. With a shapeful of coffee and snack, they great deal meet with their friends and relax. 2) Market likelyAs what we had discussed just now, Malaysians lifestyle is changing and therefore, coffee industry for such The Coffee Bean has the potential to growth in Malaysia. According to the research, there are whole 54 tone endings of The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf in the whole Malaysia included East Malaysia. In the future, it is expected that the go of outlet will continue to increase. In short it means there is a commercialise potential for The Coffee Bean. Threats 1) Competition Global coffee food market is one of the very competitive sectors. The main competitor of The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf in Malaysia is Starbuck.This is because both Starbuck and The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf are addressing the same stigma group. twain The Coffee bean and Starbucks nurture developed a strong and successful transaction by adheri ng to their core values that is to supply customers the best coffees and teas, to deal friendly staff from local community and to provide comfortable places to them to relax. at that placefore, The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf has to develop the best strategies to fence with Starbuck. In here, the most important thing to compete with Starbucks is to improve its services.For example, The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf had offering Party flock which customer brush aside order when throwing a house or confidence party. They provide services of giving their customer the possibility to bring The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf lifestyle back to their homes. Moreover, the company withal provides online services. They afford their home page with virtual stores which is being specify as collection of all pages of information. The customers skunk buy their production through online and knowing the latest promotion through the homepage.Besides, coffee manufacturer, such as, snuggle USA, Inc, dish premium coffee products nationally in supermarkets and convenience stores. nigh of these products whitethorn be substitutes for this companys coffees and their coffee drinks. Therefore, if the company wants to hold its status as the worlds leading specialty coffee retailer, it must be aware of their competitors. 2) Host country risk forethought Risk management issues such as government policies, regulation, macroeconomic variations and fiscal un certain(prenominal)ties are important to The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf on its international franchising.Therefore, it is a necessary for The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf to understand the host county government policies concerning to the transfer and repatriation of dividends, fees and royalties. However, this company conducts a very wee host government indemnity paygrade due to attributed to a lack of resources and reactive approach to market expansion. 3) fervor of health consciousness Nowadays, heap attitude are changing and they pre meditation more to health. More and more people are taking responsibility for their health rather than passively accepting medical decisivenesss.With this, the consumers are baseball swing down on caffein. It is because they believe that drinking coffee will harm their health. This is because that they feel that the pros of consuming coffee are less than the cons. As a result, this whitethorn decline the demand for coffee from The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf. COMPANYS RETAIL MIX Retail mix is the combination of merchandise, assortment, equipment casualty, promotion, customer service and store layout that best serves the segments patsyed by the retailer. toll The footing is what the customer willing to pay in exchange for the receiptss of the product and services.From the research that we had conducted on several Coffee Bean franchises, it is clearly shown that the price of most of the products offered is approximately RM10 and in a higher place. For example, an egg club sandwi ch and a cuticle of Chinese chicken salad comprise Rm15. 50 each. It may be dearly-won for certain group of people such as the youths who are the null income earners. With this we stub see that the price charged by The Coffee Bean is jolly higher than those coffee shops such as Old townsfolk Coffee but if we use Coffee Bean set and compare it to their biggest competitor in the coffee industry, for such, Starbuck.Starbucks will gift a little advantage on the pricing as with high price, they will earn higher profits in just a short period. base on the research, we toilet see that Coffee Bean foc apply on non price decisions, but on other factors such as qualities and facilities. hence in here it is clear that Coffee Bean is using the above market pricing policy as they do provide the wireless fidelity facilities and overly the good environment for people to do their business or assignments. It withal had show that they target the market most on the youths. The muffins and cookies which cost only less than Rm5 are affordable for the youths but the cakes nd withal the pasta set are non affordable for them as they are not working and thus no income for them. They only depend on the pocket money given by their parents. Thus The Coffee Bean should offer their products with lower prices so that it is affordable for the youths to purchase it. Coffee Bean earth-closet earn back their profits in the long term. The adults with middle and high income can afford to spend on the products offer by Coffee Bean. For example, although the price for those cups and gifts available in The Coffee Bean are quite expensive, but there were actually people who purchase them especially those with high income.Merchandise Merchandise is being defined as goods, ware, stocks, articles or decimal point to be sold. In another way of defining merchandise is the approachability of assortment of products available in the retail shop. For The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf or also know as The Coffee Bean in short, offer many types of products such as coffees, teas, cakes, party-packs, pies, cookies, muffins, sandwiches, salads and yet hot pasta. They even offer different types of drink add-ins for their customers. The Coffee Bean does customise to meet the wants and demands of their customers.This is because different consumers have different types of preferences. It can be shown clearly when The Coffee Bean customises their coffees into light and subtle, rich and smooth, dark and characteristic and flavoured. For example the light and subtle coffee is especially for the customers who prefer piano and delicate flavour. Whereas for teas, it is being categorise into black and oolong tea, green tea and flavoured green and herbal and fruit infusion. For such, green, black and oolong teas all have their own jot flavours and aromas, and each will have its own unique set of blends that complements and expands their essence.A fade Ceylon tea, for example, blen ded with a delicate peach flavour works the charming sparks of fruitiness with a light floral finish. And to those who dream of having spectrum of aromas and flavours, a cup of oolong tea will be their choice. Furthermore, the cakes being offered can be customised into cheesecake special, signature classic, for kids and special occasions. They also offer the drink menus to suit the taste and preferences of their valuable customers. For such, they offer coffee, espresso, brewed tea, tea caffe latte, non-coffee, coffee ice blended drinks, coffee-free ice blended drinks and many more.Thus with the way of customising their products to suit the tastes and preferences of different customers, it will then help to tempt more customers to The Coffee Bean and with customers, retail trade can be done. They also do provide merchandise line depth whereby they get out their customers to pick the surface for their drinks whether they want small, regular or large size. In conclusion, customer satisfaction can be met when the retail organisation, The Coffee Bean is being influenced by the customers inescapably and wants.Besides from all these, The Coffee Bean also do offer any(prenominal) gift packs, for example The Holiday Tea Trio which includes three mini square tins each containing five tea bags of whole leaf teas. They are nicely wrapped with ribbon on top of it which makes it decoyive for people to purchase them. Although Coffee Bean offer a variety of products for their customer but it may bring whatsoever disadvantage such as the taste and aroma of coffees and teas may not be that fragrant anymore as they do not focus on only a particular type of coffee and tea.This may make the good quality of the products offer by them to be morose into bad quality. Therefore, to prevent this from happening, Coffee Bean should only picked up approximately of their far-famed products to specialise in and to continually improve on it. advertize and promotions The Coffee B ean become famous and as a media darling, their speck have been place and raise in hits shows like Entourage and The Hills, to coverage leading publications like Forbes Magazine and the Times. Coffee Bean had advertised its soil not only through the media or magazine but almost other ways such as donations, promotions and others.The Coffee Bean have come out with a numbers of examples they been using to reflect the thought of social responsibility and also to promote their brand through donations. It can be shown by the following example The Coffee Bean made a donation, 50% from their sales item to be donated to serves children with autism, learning disabilities, hyperactivity or attention deficit disorder, mental retardation, and emotional challenges. Through an ongoing commitment, The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf holds The Help Groups annual cut down the Walls holiday fundraising program and proudly features the childrens artwork.Their most recent activity is the calculate of Caring Cup initiatives which planted and nurtured domestically in communities served by the company, as well as internationally in communities which the product originate. The framework of pity cup initiatives is rooted in need where need from preventing the environment to up education. Through these, The Coffee Bean will definitely well known in public and as we can see nowadays more and more people will come to purchase from the shops whereby there do a lot of charity work and these charity programs will be part of The Coffee Bean social responsibilities.Beside donation there are a few promotions being used to promote their brand. At times, The Coffee Bean amp Teas also give free drinks today to keep open the launch of the cafes holiday drink line. For example, from 4p. m. to 8 p. m. (11/12) customers can get a free 12 oz holiday drink. Choices include hazelwood Latte or Ice Blended drink Pumpkin latte or Ice Blended drink. Besides that, they also promote their famous drinks by posting pictures on the skirt and putting up banners out-of-door of their franchises.People who own The Coffee Bean Card may have nearly benefits too and it acts as a way of promoting and thus can curl their customers to purchase more. By having the plug-in the consumers may applaud the convenience of account purchase, the more the people top up the card the more benefit they will get, such as 10% more value and redeemable of other item by having at least 5 point. They do have the holiday promotion. When it is near by the holiday season, they had been preparing some merchandise to go, such holiday cocoas gift set and others.This had helping in promote the brand by his consumer to others. They also have their online advertizing. They are not only having their own web site but they already create their pages in Facebook, Twitter and also Youtube which are the famous connection web on current time. They also post some short video on the web to promote and bring in to the cust omer. With all the relevant aspect, connection and advertisement use by the company, Coffee Bean has successfully passed their information to their customer.Through the promotions of the products by hanging up banners and pictures on the wall sometimes may not contain full information such as the pricing and the nutriment of the particular product. They may only contain attractive pictures on it. In order to solve it, the management of Coffee Bean should publish their living label and the pricing on the banners. With these, customers can get the information of the products they make and can decide whether to purchase it or not. Besides that, we also sight that Coffee Bean do not give out brochures as a mean of promotion. This may be a disadvantage for them.If brochures are provided to the passer-by, they may tend to go in to the Coffee Bean to enjoy the products offered by them. As a conclusion, the Coffee Bean should also provides brochures and distribute it to the people so th at they can have more information on the offers and promotions offered. Customer service and marketing Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase. For The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf, they provide a series of customer service to their customers. Such as, their entire customer can apply for a member card or so called The Coffee Bean Card.Basically, The Coffee Bean Card is a loyalty card introduced to reward regular customers with loyalty points called BEANS which can be subsequently ransomed against purchases at The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf outlets (CBTL). With perception, Coffee Bean is a big believer in teamwork (just like Starbucks) as they feel that success is achieved by working together. After our research on several franchises of The Coffee Bean, we noticed that their staffs are economic, friendly and helpful enough. They fend for amicable relationships between customers and each other.This can be shown when customers ordered their drinks and nutrition at the counter, they served their customers with smiles and when we asked them certain questions for our assignment purpose, they will try their best to answer us. The employees have respect for each others values, opinions and individual personalities and are honest and truthful to themselves and each other. Due to this strategy, they can serve their customers in a let out way. In addition, Coffee Bean also provided online service which customer can view their website that having the latest news and more information towards their company.In order to let their customer to contact them or get more information towards them, Coffee Bean also provide their headquarter address, email, telephone and even fax number on their website. They even have their website for their customers to comment on their services and products provided. Selling is being defined as trying to make sales by persuading someone to buy ones product or service. Coffee Bean also did sellin g. They try to sell out their product as much as their competitors do. Therefore, promotion will exist. Besides that, Coffee Bean tends to sell their product through their good and friendly customer service.Due to the customer service provided by them are good, customers tend to come back to them when they think of having a cup of coffee and enjoying the peaceful environment there. Although most of the Coffee Bean franchises are well organised with their efficient workers, there is a possibility that they do made mis halts to especially in delivering the drinks to the customers or when they prepare the drinks. This can be shown when our group when to one of The Coffee Bean to do our research term having our drinks there we noticed that they made the drinks for us not according to the size we ordered.For such, we ordered a regular size black forest ice blended and a large size of the caramel ice blended, but during the preparations of the drinks, the staffs made mistakes, everything goes the other way round. These mistakes can be avoided by move those staffs to more training programs so that they can improve and be more efficient and the operations in The Coffee Bean will be more effective and productive. Location Location is an plain that retailing may undergo significant changes in the decade to come.Besides that, retailers have been classified according to their location within a metropolitan area, be it the central business district, a regional obtain centre or neighbourhood shopping centre, or freestanding unit. In order to have the businesses caring out well or to improve the businesses, location and target market can be considered as important factors. For example, if the location that retailers get hold of is too far away from the town or is it hardly or impossible to get down a parking lot to park their vehicles, most of the consumers will choose not to go there.Locations that retailers mostly choose to run their businesses and to earn a profit f rom there are such as metropolitan area (e. g. town area), central business district (e. g. heart of the state) and so on. In Malaysia, most of the retailers would like to operate their businesses at metropolitan and central business district. The reason they choose these places is because the locations tend to attract more consumers to their shops as there were also many hypermarkets and supercenters just about.As for this assignment, we carried out a research on The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf, The locations that Coffee Bean may choose to run their franchise businesses are basically the two popular locations. Besides that, The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf currently has over 750 stores in 22 countries. In addition, in Malaysia currently have over 54 stores. 31 franchises in Klang Valley, 6 in Penang, 1 at Ipoh, 2 in Pahang, 3 in Johor Bharu, 2 in Malacca, 6 in Sabah and 3 in Sarawak. Every Coffee Bean in Malaysia tends to gives people a relaxing and enjoyable environment.The location t hat Coffee Beans retailer pick mostly at those places which can attract more people. The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf tends to attract those tourists and people who used to hang out with friends or to those who were carrying out their get hold of selling with others. For such, after a tired shopping day, most of those shoppers will tend to find a relaxing place for a rest. They can enjoy the coffee and the sweet aroma of teas that are provided by the Coffee Bean. close is the customers may also enjoy the beautiful scenery around these franchises, for such the beaches.Through these, more of the tourists will pay a visit and spend their time there. Besides that, location such as shopping complexes is also a hot spot for shoppers and tourists to spend their time there any the day or night. Customers can sit and relax themselves they can also view the shoppers shopping around and can feel the friendliness of the people. Locations that Coffee Bean chooses are also convenient to the entire consumer. Most of the franchises operate at the shopping complex this is because there are a lot parking places provided for their customers.This will let those consumers to pay more visits to their shops which can provide them with the drinks provided and the good customer service provided. Target Market is the specific group of customers that a company aims to capture. They have been identified as people with needs or wants that can be met with the products or services from the company. The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf is targeting the youth, who are teens and working adults in their twenties. This has become a weakness for the firm. The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf aligns itself with other major brands targeting the youth market.This may lead it to lose some potential market. For example, DOMEs positioning is expensive and exclusive as its target market is basically the professionals, managers, executives and businessmen. But The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leafs target market is the youth and who didnt have strong consumption power. The target market for The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf is sensitive to the price issue. The Coffee Bean positioned them well in the target market by a competitive pricing strategy. This pricing strategy likes a threat for The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf.Thus the market share and profit for The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf are limited. They also target the adults with stable income. The problem on the location is that there were only 54 outlets in Malaysia. For example, Pahang there is only 1 branch but we found out that it may not be enough for the Pahang residents. The people who want to go to The Coffee Bean may need to travel a long outperform to reach Coffee Bean. As a recommendation, we recommend that the management of The Coffee Bean should increase the number of outlet in Pahang.Next we also found out that The Coffee Bean target the youth as their main target. Our group feel that the youths who are the zero income earners might not have enough i ncome to spend on the products offer which will be slightly expensive for them. Thus Coffee Bean has made a mistake, they should target adults with medium and high incomes as their main target group as they can purchase the products without worrying that they would not have enough specie to pay. Store layout and design Layout and design is defined as an arrangement, plan, design of a building, book, picture and etc.As we know, Coffee Bean is one of the franchise companies. Most of their layouts and designs are almost the same in every outlet. For example, the theme colour of the outlet. You can see that their outlet mostly is painted in brown colour. cook colour is a natural, down-to earth neutral colour. It represents affectionateness, wholesomeness, friendliness and simplicity. With this, it gave their customers a heating feeling when they are inside their outlet. As the customers enter into the Coffee Bean, they can also notice the pictures of the famous drinks at Coffee Bean are being hang up on the wall.Besides that, the playing of the sentimental unison makes the environment calm and relaxing. This makes their customers willing to pay for a higher price for a cup of coffee and enjoy it in such calm and relaxing atmosphere. Furthermore, there are also a counter is used to display their products such as packets of teas and coffees, cakes, cookies, muffins and etc in every outlet. It is well organised, people can easily find the products they want as the products are being arranged in order. Each of the products display is being priced.Customers can choose whatever products they want from there and they can see the price for it. Moreover, in every outlet, there is a menu board at the counter. It shows the menu of coffee drinks and beverages that sell and their price. Customers can refer to the board and make their orders. There is also a small blackboard hanging on the wall which states that what the special offer is for the day. The outlets for most o f the Coffee Bean franchises were big enough, there were spacious space for the customers to walk around without asking the others to shift their chairs to forgo them to walk pass.The management of The Coffee Bean also placed some plants in their outlets as part of the decorations on the franchise. They do provide magazines for their customers to read. Next is the lighting system in The Coffee Bean franchises. They usually will use the bulbs with orange colour to give people the romantic and warmth feeling. The lights being used by them are those with nice designs on it and are in various shapes. There is also wifi provided for their customers who wants to serve on the internet for the assignments and business purposes.After stating the store layout and design of The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf, our group also do noticed some problem on it. For such, the writings on the small blackboard which is used to keep what the special offer of the day are too colourful and it is too small as i t can make the customers difficulty in recitation it. Thus to improve it, they should provide each Coffee Bean franchises with a larger blackboard and the writings should be change to a bigger size and the fonts which can be easily readable by the customers. CONCLUSIONFrom the report above, we can see that The Coffee Bean amp Tea Leaf has been growing from time to time, but on the way of growing there are several issues that need retailers attention and take certain actions to correct and to improve it.. From the research, we found out that most of their customers are youngster and are of the middle income earner, but the price of most of the products offered is around RM10 and above, with this, it may not be affordable for the zero income earners in here the youngsters. As from these, Coffee Bean may need to lower the price of their products.As for the location and the number of outlets of the Coffee Bean, it is shown that there are only 54 outlets of Coffee Bean which operate in Malaysia, 31 franchises in Klang Valley, 6 in Penang, 1 at Ipoh, 2 in Pahang, 3 in Johor Bharu, 2 in Malacca, 6 in Sabah and 3 in Sarawak. As we can see there are unequal balances of outlets located, with this they may need to add more branches on those states which are under stored. Beside this, The Coffee Bean also conducts a small part of host government policy evaluation due to attributed to a lack of resources and reactive approach to market expansion.With this take should pay more attention on it. As on the side of health, a medical report had state on caffeine which conduct in the coffee may cause harm on our health this had cause the consumers to cut down on the consumption of coffee which contains caffeine. With this, The Coffee Bean may concentrate on tea go forth beside the coffee. Next, they offer a variety of products and thus they need to choose certain products which are popular among the tastes and preferences of the consumers.For their advertisement and promotions , they should provide more information on it, such as nutrition labels and the pricing on the banners, this not only can attract the customer, and it may also help those consumer make decision on their choice. Although The Coffee Bean franchises are well organized with their efficient workers, but there still have some problems occur, such as mistake in making order, to avoid this problem occur again, they should provide more training to their worker to improve their service system.

Environmental Science and Human Populations Worksheet Essay

Using the textbooks, the University Library, or other resources, answer each of the future(a) questions in 100 to 200 words.1. What would you include in a plan summary on the history of the modern environmental movement, from the 1960s to the put in?Rachel Carson, an author, brought to light the harm in employ a pesticide called DDT. The pesticide was sprayed to control Dutch elm disease, a fungus that kills trees. The pesticide accidentally killed birds and other wildlife in the process.In 1969 the Environmental form _or_ system of government puzzle out was passed by Congress. Shortly after that President Nixon recommended the creation of an action named the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1970 the Clean Air Act was passed, in 1972 the Marine Mammals Protection Act was inducted, and the Endangered Species Act was passed in 1973. In 1974 the Safe Drinking Water Act was passed and the Superfund Act was passed in 1980 as a result of a hazardous waste conundrum in New York.2. Explain the primary concern over exponential function population addition. What promotes exponential population growth? What constrains exponential population growth?The primary concerns for the exponential population growth is how to feed, clothe, house, and support the growing population with gainful employment. Economic growth between and within countries is extremely mismatched hindering the overall progress.The promotion of exponential population growth scum bag be done with advances in education, health care, and more freedom and opportunities for women. exponential function population growth is constrained by the abuse and overexploitation of ecosystem resources. This female genital organ be improved by provisioning, goods obtained from ecosystems regulating, services obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes and cultural, nonmaterial benefits from ecosystems.3. What is carrying faculty? Compare predictions for human population growth in developed coun tries versus exploitation countries. What will occur if carrying capacity is exceeded?Carrying capacity is the population that can be supported indefinitely by an ecosystem without destroying that ecosystem. According to our textbook, policies and actions that reduce infant fatality rate increase the availability of family planning. Thus improving air quality, providing abundant and unmingled water, and preserving and protecting intrinsic ecosystems. It will in addition reduce the erosion of the soil, reduces the vent of toxic chemicals to the environment, and would restore health coastal fisheries which all move that guild in a positive direction a sustainable future. surpass the carrying capacity is detrimental in many ways. The world is already using a substantial amount of fossil fuels thus emitting more one C paper dioxide. Society would not be able to sustain natural resources. forage and water supplies would be diminished or tainted. Disease and famine could also s pread faster without cures or medicines to control them.4. How do individual choices advert natural ecosystem? Provide examples from your personal or community experience.We as individuals confound exponential power to support and assistance the ecosystem. Cultivating your own food is a great start. Growing up my family always planted a garden. We grew a multitude of vegetables including corn, potatoes, onions, and peppers. What we didnt use right away we canned or froze so that we would have vegetables year round. I have other family members that lift cows, chickens, and pigs for food. Being able to provide your own food source is self-reliability just now it is all organic no fertilizers or pesticides. Other ways to help the natural ecosystem is by recycling this would decrease the harvesting of other natural resources. Using alternate transportation such as bicycles, electronic cars, and crown of thorns cars will help diminish the use of fossil fuels that emit carbon dioxid e.