Home Alarm System: An analysis

domicile fright dodging An analysisHome burglaries and property tres passport is a common event more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 40 per peerless thousand households excite robbed yearly. With the introduction of home dread clays the grade of burglaries have dropped signifi johntly for the past thirty years. on that pointfore, throughout the semester, we have been take a crapings on planting a functional home dread formation using cinema micro go steadyler, a computer tellboard, an liquid crystal display display and a magnetized sensor.Household burglary is defined as an illicit entry or seek entry of a residence which usu solitary(prenominal)y involves theft. The il well-grounded entry whitethorn be by core, such as breaking a windowpane or slashing a screen, or may be without force by entering through an unbolted adit or an dependent window. As long as the person entering has no legal right to be present in the structure a burglary has occurred. Furthermo re, burglary is non only the entry of the house by itself illegal entry of a garage or whatever new(prenominal) structure on the exposit too represents household burglary. 12Figure1.Home depredatory Statistics (2008-2011).Washington Post Photograph.Retrieved from http//home security department.net/home-burglary-statistic/The virtu everyy common targets be residential houses. Those of them without security carcasss inst wholeed atomic number 18 about three times as probably to be confused into as homes with security establishments installed. Moreover, the first base place that the robber exit seem is usually the superscript bedroom because roughly tidy sum take for their valuables there. The preferred items to be stolen be cash, jewelry, electronic equipment, silver, guns and other items lightheaded to put on the market. 8Statistics showed that every 14.6 seconds, a burglary takes place in the joined States and most of them occur amidst 10 am and 3 pm. Burglar s devolve an average of 8 to 12 minutes in your household. The residence proprietor can take the side by side(p) safety measures such as burglars search for homes that appear to be vacant robbers want to waste no more than sixty seconds breaking into a home. 8Points of Entry of BurglarsFigure2 .Burglary Facts and Statistics (2008). Photograph. Retrieved from http//www.articlesbase.com/home-and-family-articles/burglary-facts-and-statistics-338161.htmlOne survey in Pennsylvania showed that81 portion of residential intrusions occur through the first floor.34 percent of burglars entered through the front gate23 percent through a first-floor window22 percent through the rump access9 percent through the garage4 percent entered through a basement4 percent through an unlocked entrance2 percent through a storage airfield2 percent entered anywhere on the second floor. 2Definition of a Home fear SystemA home panic organization is used as a defensive device to monitor all unwelcome ev ents such as intrusion, glass breaking and mainly to invalidate theft. It is overly used to alert a substance abuser of a contingent danger. It focuses on all of the accessible entry points of the house, so that the alarm go out sound as soon as the intruder enters.AdvantagesThe most meaning(a) advantage of the home alarm system is the security it snaps from theft of costly things such as the jewelry, the television launch, your pc, cell ph hotshots, and etc causing massive financial problems. In addition, a home alarm system is necessary not just for the material possessions in your home but also increases resistance on the family. Furthermore, a burglar may want to break the door of your house while barging in. You also might have to cope with broken windows, smashed furniture and other general trauma. Making up for this damage volition be expensive not just time advised but also requires great deal of effort since burglars these daylights be interested in expensiv e items. They search for important identifications such as your bank statements, passports, and credit cards, essentially whatever they get their hands on. The upon of these documents will disturb your economic balance. 13 Therefore, it is recommended to install a home alarm system at your place.DisadvantagesOne of the main disadvantages and is mainly caused by a malfunction is the generation of a false alarm where it can be triggered accidentally and thus cause unnecessary inconvenience. Moreover, having children might cause a lock of the system by improper insertion of the discussion. Also, if you failed to insert the password in time, the alarm may be triggered. Some burglars are super experienced and have the knowledge to disable the alarm, the phone lines, and the electricity divergence you helpless in a critical situation.How Does a Home demoralise System sour? demodulators are the most vital part of the system they act like the eyes and ears of a home alarm system by mo nitoring break in points and interior areas. The typical sensors, which are usually two magnets, are generally installed on doors and windows such that one magnet is committed to the door or window and the other is attached to the door or window frame. When the door or window is opened, one magnet is removed from the surrounding area of the other and the sensor registers that the door has been opened. More advanced home alarm systems may also apply vibration sensors to bring out when glass has been broken by measuring the vibrations caused by the breakage. Also, many systems use dubiousness sensors that compute the proximity of a cortege walls by producing infrared beams and measuring the time required for them to bounce congest if a beam comes back sooner than expected, it likely bounced off of a person and the sensor registers interrogation. 4When the alarm system is installed, each sensor is registered with the concur panel either through wires or radio receiverly. The c onstraint panel also interfaces with keypads and other gossip devices used by the home owner to control the system.The control center keeps track of the status of the sensors and reports activity through liquid crystal display displays and other output devices. Moreover, when activity takes places, such as the opening of a window, the sensors report the activity to the control center and the center registers that a hinderance has occurred. In managed alarm systems, the control panel also checks the sensors to verify that they are still operational if a sensor fails to reply, the center alerts the home owner of an out of order sensor. If the home owner activates the alarm system and the control center registers activity in the home, a signal is sent by the control to a chime, flashing lights or any other audiovisual aid alarm element.Types of warning device SystemsHome burglar alarms normally admit the followingWindow and door sensorsMotion detectorsMain control panelcentrally lo cated keypadExterior security signsHard-wired or wireless turn of eventsThese systems are often centrally monitored by a security provider that alerts authorities of break-ins.Some of the more common systems that are included in many homesSmoke alarm systems include smoke detectors, possibly strobe lights and hearing impaired features for seniors and hearing impaired home owners.Fire alarms include a series of smoke detectors, heat detectors and possibly an in-home sprinkler.One ignored aspect of your home security is your homes built in systems, such as modify plant and cooling and plumbing.Critical System Alarms includeCooling and heating alarms have detection and monitoring devices that transmit information about your heating and cooling system often directly to a monitoring company. runoff and water alarm systems monitor your plumbing system where even weakened leaks can go unnoticed and result in thousands of dollars in repairs. 5Types of Alarm SensorsAlarm Sensors are ess ential elements of your home security system. A good variety of security alarm sensors and detectors are available for use. It is obvious what most sensors do, so we will only describe the main ones used in a basic system.Contact Sensors Most burglaries involve doors, either on entry or while difference the house. So protecting all doors is a must. (Example magnetized enlistment breakers).Door contacts may be hardwired or wireless hardwired contacts are usually buried in the doorframe, which is less obvious than wireless and are preferable.Window Contacts Can be hardwired or wireless.Motion Sensors Its the most essential and common form of protection.Passive infrared sensors Detect motion by sensing a sudden change in heat.Dual-Tech motion detectors use two different technologies in the same unit still infrared and microwave. These devices are designed to avoid false alarms since both technologies must detect motion before setting off the alarm.Photoelectric Sensors These sens ors spue a beam of light across a hall or doorway to detect motion and are triggered when a person passing through interrupts the beam.Glass Break Detectors Usually mounted near windows to detect the specific soaring frequency sound of glass being shattered. They are usually installed on a wall opposite or adjoining to the protected glass and are effective within about 15 to 25.Smoke and Heat Detectors Detect smoke and heat. 1Chapter IIOur Home Alarm SystemOur Home Alarm SystemOur juts main concern was to build a Home Alarm System using a PIC microcontroller. We started off our project by coding the Keypad, therefore LCD and the final touch was the sensor. We also added two types of buzzers one to sound the alarm and the other as a key tone buzzer. The final result rancid out to be the followingFigure3. Our Home Alarm SystemMaterials utilise monetary valuePIC16F877A 7$4X4 Keypad 2$JHD 162A LCD 6$6V Alarm Buzzer 0.5$Key tone Buzzer 0.5$4 MEGA Crystal Oscillator 5$3 Flashing L EDs 0.1$9 Resistors (10K, 470 , 1K) 0.1$18 Pico Capacitors 1$Magnetic Sensor 2$Input VoltageWires 0.1$Breadboard 3$Total Cost 27.3$Process of BuildingFirst of all the PICPIC is a family of Harvard computer architecture microcontrollers. The name PIC refers to Peripheral Interface Controller. They are everyday with both professional developers and hobbyists alike due to their low cost, wide approachability and large user base.The PIC has an overall of 40 pins. These pins include input/output ports such as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, PORTD, PORTE and two Vdd ports for input voltage.The PIC architecture is characterized by its multiple attributesSeparate canon and data places (Harvard architecture).A pocketable number of fixed length instructions.Most instructions are angiotensin converting enzyme cycle execution, with one delay cycle on branches and skips.All hammer in locations function as registers as both source and destination of mathematics and other functions.A hardware stack fo r storing return addresses.Data set mapped CPU, port, and peripheral registers.The program antagonistic is also mapped into the data space and writable.There is no distinction between memory space and register space because the RAM serves the job of both memory and registers, and it is usually just referred to as the register file.The keypadThis device is used to enter the password selected by the user and to arm or disarm the alarm by selecting the conglomerate profiles installed in the system. As you can see from our projects picture we used a 4 x 4 keypad, as instructed by Dr. Ayoubi we started off our project by working on the keypad and testing it on genus Proteus and on the PIC itself.The design of a 4 x 4 keypad can be approached by either adopting the serial or the analogue concept. The serial concept is tedious in terms of software system effort, complex in circuitry and slow in response. However, it requires fewer interface lines. Meanwhile, the parallel concept on th e other hand is less complex in circuitry, less software intensive and faster in response. Its concept also requires more interface lines, that is, 8 plus an interrupt line for a 4 by 4 keypad. 10Our design for a functional keypad was the usage of an alternation of ports between inputs and outputs which is done by using the TRIS function. We started off by setting the first four ports of PORTB as the inputs and the latter(prenominal) four ports as the outputs. This is done by moving the binary literal 11110000 to the working registers and having the latter four ports pulled down by 10k resistors. The first four ports are connected to the columns meanwhile the last four are connected to the rows. Moreover, as a justification for this reasoning is the fact that it is required to scan the columns for the pressed key and then scan the rows and the results will be decoded in a decipherer telling us which button of the keypad was pressed.The main functionality of the keypad as mentioned e arlier is to set the code. The alarm can be armed and disarmed with a standard four digit user code in our case. The master code is a step above a regular user code. It is used to unlock the system, as well as programming or erasing a regular user code. Theoretically it can also be used to bypass some sensors. The default password set during the design, which is also the installation code, is 1234. Most alarm companies use the same installer code for all of their installations, and the vast majority will never give their installer code to a customer, for obvious reasons.LCD ( limpid Crystal Display)An LCD is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones.Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) offer several advantages over traditional cathode ray tube displays that make them beau ideal for several applications. Of course, LCDs are flat, and they use only a fraction of the billet required by CRTs. They are easier to read and more pleasant to work with for long periods of time than most ordinary video monitors. It also has few disadvantages, such as limited view angle, brightness, and contrast, not to mention high manufacturing cost. As research continues, these limitations are slowly becoming less significant. 6 11 14In our design, we used a 1k resistor to set the contrast at the LCD display.Sensor UsedThe sensor used is the typical magnetic hold circuit breaker as shown in the figure belowFigure4. How Burglar Alarms Work. Retrieved from http//home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/household-safety/security/burglar-alarm1.htmlA magnetic sensor is used to detect any changes as well as disturbances in a certain magnetic fields. In addition, when the magnets are separated it means we have an open circuit and when it is closed it acts like a short circuit.When the door is closed, the magnet pulls the alloy switch close so the circuit is complete. Then, the current powers the relays electromagnet, so the buzzer circuit stays open. When you move the magnet by opening the door, the ricochet snaps the switch back into the open position. This cuts off the current and closes the relay, sounding the alarm. 7Functionality of our systemAs soon as we connect the 5V power source the alarm greets us with a welcome message displayed on the LCD then asks us to provide the password. Once entered correctly the green LED flashes judge the code. If the password entered was incorrect the red LED flashes and the system gives you two but chances to enter the correct password. If both remaining attempts failed the system will lock. The only way to unlock the system is by clicking the star key (*) for more than five seconds. This feature should be kept a secret between the user and the company otherwise anyone who knows it can unlock the system and keep trying to hack into it.The keypad should be installed next to the entry door because it is programmed with a time lag, to permit you to exit when leaving, and enter on arriving home, without touch off the alarm. We have set a profile that gives you 20 seconds before leaving the house and the alarm starting. By clicking the (A) button on the keypad the counter starts giving you the amount of time to leave the house. If the magnets of the magnetic switch get separated, by the opening of a door or a window (depending on where it is installed), the internal invisible counter gives the user 15 seconds or 3 trials to set the password correctly or the alarm will go off. The alarm will remain firing until the password is set correctly.Furthermore, the option of changing the password is also available. In order to do so insert an incorrect password and the red LED flashes. patch it is blinking click on the star button and wait until the chicken LED blinks and the LCD displays INSERT ADMIN PASS. In our system the executive password is 5678. After inserting the correct administrator password the system will ask you to insert the new password then once over again for confirmation. The administrator password however cannot be changed unless we change it in the code and download it again on the chip.Chapter IIIAlgorithm Design hold DiagramsFigure5. Block Diagram showing how the system functionsFigure6. Block Diagram showing how the keypad functionsProteusFigure7. Our Design on ProteusChapter IV outcome ReferencesConclusionAs we have seen in the graph Burglary rates figure7, the alarm system is becoming a must in modern day life in order to protect our valuables and the ones we care about. As we can see from the graph below, the rate of burglary is declining in 1981 that is when technology started evolving greatly and as we can see with time crime kept on decreasing.Figure7.Key Facts at a Glance (2011).Retrieved from http// bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/glance/burg.cfmFigure8.Certified Security Systems (2010). Retrieved from http//certifiedsecuritysystems.com/crime-statistics.aspxIn light chart figure8, alarms are moderately effective (57%), 40% very effective, and 3% not effective as owners say. Alarm owners are very genial with price and value of security systems such that 74% excellent and good, 22% just okay, and 4% Poor and Terrible.In conclusion, comparing our cost to the prices on the market we can see that systems cost from 30$ to 200$ depending on the number of sensors, the ground it covers and its specifications. Therefore, we recommend each house owner to bargain for an alarm system because it is not very expensive and might moreover you the trouble and the inconvenience and the financial losses caused by a robbery. reference LIST1 Alarm SensorsAre Essential and Primary Elements of Your Home Security System (n.d.). Retrieved January 19, 2011 from http//www.home-security-action.co.uk/alarm-se nsors.html2 Burglary Facts and Statistics (2008).Retrieved January 19, 2011, from http//www.articlesbase.com/home-and-family-articles/burglary-facts-and-statistics-338161.html3 Certified Security Systems (2010). Retrieved January 20, 2011 from http//certifiedsecuritysystems.com/crime-statistics.aspx4Evans, K. (n.d.). How Does a Home Alarm System Operate? Retrieved January 18, 2011 from http//www.ehow.com/how-does_4568395_home-alarm-system-operate.html5 From Burglar Alarms to Fire Alarms (2008-2011). Retrieved January 19, 2011 from http//homesecurity.net/security-alarms/6 Gowan, M. (2000). How it Works LCD Monitors. Retrieved January 20, 2011 from http//www.pcworld.com/article/15112/how_it_works_lcd_monitors.html7 Harris, T. (n.d.). How Burglar Alarms Work. 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