The Hidden Gem of Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense

The Hidden Gem of Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense The Appeal of Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense What's more, some unanswered questions may have become more focused on account of your study. The introduction expresses background info, which is normally accepted as facts in a given subject area. Generally speaking, however, these guidelines might help you know when to use past and present tense. You need to make suggestions for additional research in the discussion section. Get the Scoop on Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense Before You're Too Late The Methods section describes the processes which were followed to get there at a specific conclusion. Implications are closely associated with general facts and thus the exact rule is used. Sentence structure determines the positioning of the parentheses. Enduring truths ought to be in present tense. Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense - Dead or Alive? Facts which are always true don' t will need to get located in a particular time, so they are stated in the current simple. However, don't make the Introduction too wide. Your topic could be wonderful and exciting, but don't use these kinds of words in the document. The Fight Against Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense Since you may see, the very simple past is the all-natural selection. The events in the very first area of the sentence are the writer's major focus, so they are described in the current tense. As an issue of fact, it is a perfectly acceptable bit of writing. Use the previous perfect once you discuss something that happened or was shown to be true in years past but which has since been revised. What You Should Do About Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense Beginning in the Next Seven Minutes The ideal part is frequently the most challenging to comprehend, so following is a brief overview. To obtain insight into tense usage in academic writing, a normal academic paper can be s plit into its most frequent framework and grammar usage can be molded in line with the normal framework employed in the distinct subject location. Thus, it's just a description of your actions. But it is a common technique at the start of a presentation to set up the range of what's to follow. Getting the Best Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense As soon as the present tense is necessary in all kinds of formal writing. You don't need to force the reader to experience the paper multiple times to discover what it all means. So, utilizing the present simple tensein this part of your paper is reasonable. Consider the paragraph as an instrument to come up with a notion. What Does Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense Mean? This section may also consist of background information regarding the problem like a summary of any research which has been done on the problem previously and the way the present experiment will help to clarify or expand the knowledge within thi s general place. Whether you're referring to your own research or someone else's, utilize the previous simple to report certain measures in the research process which have been completed. The exact same applies if more than a few organisms were studied. Be aware it is the least frequently used tense in the majority of research papers and ought not to be over-employedfocus more on detailed actions by utilizing the easy past. Keep in mind that experiments don't always should show big differences or trends to be important. For those researchers it is similar to an addiction. Educators and researchers understand the demand for early diagnosis. If you get a superb narrative voice, present tense can really offer you the opportunity to show it off! The present tense is utilized to express anything that's happening now or occurring in the current moment. Never use more words when you are able to produce the point with fewer. Telling a story is all about making choices. The Characteristics of Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense Primary and secondary sources will stem from this subject in a means which makes sense from 1 end to the other. To establish a demand for your studyfor instance, by explaining the present conditions of earth or the particular region in which you are workingyou may also use the present tense. Similarly, when mentioning research that happened over an unspecified time fra me previously (instead of a particular step or outcome of that research), utilize the present perfect instead of the previous tense. The present perfect is a handy approach to imply that the matter is still open'' and your paper is likely to earn a contribution to it. 1 important general rule to remember is that a scientific paper is a report about something which has been done previously. But his relationships ended badly, it appears, a lot of the moment. The Rise of Are Research Papers in past or Present Tense If you would like to get a research paper, online writing service like ours is precisely what you want. It's hard to select a service to purchase your essay from. And, needless to say, you probably need to purchase essay online for cheap, or you won't have the ability to afford it. Since you may see, students are certain to face many challenges should they need to turn into a member of the buy essay club. Every scientific paper has to have a self-explanatory title. After the topic is literature, however, it is a different issue. The overall rule for all essays--and any different type of writing--is to select a tense and remain consistent. For additional information regarding how to compose a strong research paper, be certain you have a look at our whole research writing series!

Criminal Law Term Papers - The Two Main Approaches To Study

Criminal Law Term Papers - The Two Main Approaches To StudyCriminal law term papers are one of the major components that compose a student's study material. There are two common ways to study for the term papers.One method is the commonly used way in which they are studied. In this way, a student reads and interprets each term paper topic by topic without a certain pattern or patterning. It is commonly known as the generality method.This method might be possible to determine if there is an article type to each term paper. Some of the major questions that appear on the term papers are centered on general themes. These topics are usually either factual or an overall study of the present situation and being. A student who is not well acquainted with this method may find it hard to distinguish the fact from the fiction.As the second method of studying the term papers, they are generally studied like a science or a work of fiction. The topics that come up on these papers usually have a de finite meaning in the context of the original legal term papers.Even though the topic is based on a specific legal case, the research done for the term papers still includes researching information about the topic. If there is any significant difference between the factual subject matter and the topic, then it will be difficult for the student to answer the question about the existence of a fact from fiction.Many students are challenged to study the term papers based on the lack of pattern to the topic. This will also require a great deal of creativity. It will also require the student to be able to anticipate questions and answers to it.This is because of the way in which the term papers are studied, which means that the focus of the research is more on anticipating and testing the ideas that a student comes up with than analyzing the validity of the facts that a student comes up with. Although the research and analysis are required in a legal case, these techniques are not develop ed to test the validity of the facts that a student comes up with.It is important to remember that the term papers are supposed to be short studies based on a certain legal case. They are not designed to have a long term impact on the student's future career. They are designed to prepare the student for the Bar exam.

College Compare and Contrast Essay - Learn How to Write an Outline

College Compare and Contrast Essay - Learn How to Write an OutlineIf you're planning to write a college compare and contrast essay, you should consider reading this guide to writing one. An outline is an essential tool for writing good essays. This is especially true if your subject is high school.One of the most difficult things in college is understanding the difference between different points of view. While you are exploring the ideas in a book or film, the brain is taking in information at different times, at different speeds. Each point of view must be given equal attention, and it is easy to lose sight of important information. Using an outline will make sure that the text is well-organized and gives your students a chance to get a hold of all the different perspectives they need.The high school level is a different kind of topic than college-level. It is easier to read a thesis statement with no notes or body to reference. When writing college compare and contrast essays, the writer must be careful not to leave anything out. The author must make sure that they cover every single aspect of their ideas. A college compare and contrast essay can use a similar format but may use more personal, more personal views.While writing the outline, the writer must keep track of everything from the beginning of the essay to the end of the line details. This is important because you want to know what the main content is, and what the other points in the outline relate to. The writer will always want to give an outline that is complete, even if it does include some subject matter left out at times.When writing an outline, the writer has to keep in mind the importance of saving the reader time by keeping the reader interested in the different point of view. There should be a balance of material. As the writer, you have to keep the essays focused and all the ideas and perspectives covered. Keep the idea of a contrast in mind when writing an outline, as well.Another point of view that should be included in the college compare and contrast essay is the author's background. Many college writers begin by going through a variety of different personalities in the various subjects. They'll soon realize that there is one person who takes a different perspective on everything, and they should take that into account when writing the outline. You should always make sure that there is an even balance of points of view.Since many different people view the world and view the same subject in a different way, it makes sense to write an outline that includes all points of view. However, it is important to have an outline that is not so long that the reader is lost in it. Your reader wants to know what your writing points are, and they want to get a good grasp of all the ideas and take them in and out of different forms of media, depending on what their style is.When you are studying different cultures and learning about different opinions, you may have a limited amo unt of time to write an essay on all the aspects of your thesis. An outline will help you get a good grasp of each aspect of your subject. With an outline, you can also create an essay that follows a certain format, such as an A-B-C format, which can further help your reader see how the different perspectives fit together.

Five Functions of Government Essay Topics

Five Functions of Government Essay TopicsWhen writing a national exam essay, it is imperative that you have a good understanding of the five functions of government. The five functions of government are what make up a valid essay topic. The number of topics covered in each section is based on the writer's ability to differentiate the function of government from other types of issues or abstractions. In doing so, the essay will be able to draw on more information as the tests progress.Functions are important because they define the relationship between the legislative, executive, judicial, administrative, and educational branches of government. This article can help you define the functions of government. When a number of students feel lost in the exams, their questions are usually asking how the functions of government relate to specific topics. For example, the student might ask, 'What functions are required to form a government?' Another student might ask, 'What is the relationship between education and the state?'By defining what functions are required to form a government, you can help your students understand that power lies with those who wield the most authority. Simply put, there are four main types of power. These four types of power include executive, legislative, judicial, and administrative.Within the functions of government, the legislative branch, usually referred to as the legislature, is the most popular. Since legislators make all laws, the legislature has the power to make the rules of the game. However, to stay relevant, it should not be allowed to make all the rules. It must work with the executive branch to formulate rules that are fair and reasonable. Since the executive branch has the executive power, it is required to pass legislation by a simple majority, or two-thirds.There are other functions of government that are not seen as well understood by students. One of these functions is the executive. The executive power is held by the pres ident. The executive has the most influence over all other branches of government. Because of the executive's responsibilities, it is important that the president is trusted by his or her subordinates. Students should learn that the president must be removed by Congress or the courts if they abuse their power.In addition to being an executive, the other executive power is the executive branch's power to execute laws. The executive can only do this through the legislative branch. Since the president is elected by the legislature, he must work with Congress in order to pass legislation. Because of the executive's control over the legislature, the executive should avoid furthering legislation, unless it is required by the constitution.Now that you know what the five functions of government are, you can expand the types of topics you cover in your final exam essay. If students feel they need more information, then they should seek out additional information on these topics or contact th eir professors for help.

Separation of Powers in U.S. Government Essay Example

Separation of Powers in U.S. Government Essay The Founding Fathers of the early American Constitution examined various political and modern theories as their guide in establishing a government that truly supports their aims and aspirations as a people who wish to be rid of the destructive clutches of the British Empire, one of which is the principle of separation of powers advanced by Baron de Montesquieu.This paper will examine the concept of separation of power and its evolution since the start of the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 up to the present.Separation of PowersThe concept of separation of power as theorized by Baron de Montesquieu states that the â€Å"legislative, executive, and judicial power function of the government—the power to make laws, the power to carry out laws, and the power to uphold the laws—should rest with the different branches of government† thus, reducing the possibility of tyranny. (Johnson, Aldrich, Miller et al, 1990, 45). In the adoption of a Federal government in 1787†™s American Constitution, de Montesquieu’s theory of separation of power was approved, thus, drawing line separating the powers held by each of the branches of government.The three branches of government were allocated with its own powers some of which are shared among them. The system was designed to reduce the risk of abusing its power by a single branch acting independently from the other branches. According to Johnson et al (1990, 51) no branch can carry out its powers without some degree of cooperation from the other branches.In a dissenting opinion of Justice Louis Brandeis in Myers v. United States,272 U.S. 52, 293 (1926) opined that the â€Å"separation of powers was adopted by the Convention of 1787, not to promote efficiency, but to preclude the exercise of arbitrary power. The purpose was, not to avoid friction, but, by means of the inevitable friction incident to the distribution of governmental powers among three departments, to save the people from autocracy. †It is this concept that minimizes the risk of one branch to completely take over the government or stray too far politically from the other branches making this design as a   key factor in the Constitutions’ survival, assuring evolution in government rather than revolution.Though this was the case, due to Constitutional provisions couched in general terms, tensions and conflicts regarding individual interpretation by the branches arise.The Constitutional ProvisionsThe American Bar Association painstakingly listed the power of each branch and its relation to the other branches.There are various provisions in the Federal Constitution that outlines the blending power of the check and balance or the separation of powers.The first three Articles found in the Constitution define the powers of each branch. Article 1 defines Congress’ powers; Article II defines the Executive branch’s power; and the Judicial Power is defined in Article III.Federal JudiciaryAlexa nder Hamilton’s The Federalist Paper revealed that among the three branches it is the judiciary that is the least powerful branch. A lifetime tenure and good behavior as well as a guaranteed salary is the Constitution’s protection for the judiciary to maintain its independence. The judiciary possess the power of judicial review of all actions taken by executive or Congress. It was in a landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) that the judicial review, as a power of the Courts, was first exercised and it was also in this case that Supreme Court first coined the word and established its presence as a formidable branch in the Federal System.   The judicial power is a passive power for it needs cases and controversies brought before the court for it to exercises such power (Separation of Power, n.d.).The judicial power of individual judges is limited to the following: â€Å"[j]udges must explain their decisions in written opinions; [j]udges most follow the precedents established by the decisions of higher courts; and [j]udges decisions are subject to review by courts of appeals† (Separation of Power, n.d.).The executive and legislative branches possessed the following powers to check or balance the power of the judiciary. The following: [t]he federal courts are staffed by judges nominated by the President; [t]he courts rely upon the executive branch for enforcement of their decisions; [c]ongress has control over the judiciarys budget (although it cannot reduce a judges salary); [c]ongress has the power to impeach federal judges who misbehave in office; and [c]ongress may begin the process of amending the Constitution if it disagrees with the judiciarys interpretation of the Constitution† (Separation of Power, n.d.).CongressIn Congress, the Constitution provides numerous powers, to wit: budgetary power, â€Å"including the authority to raise taxes, borrow money, and spend money; [p]ower to declare war and to raise and support militar y forces; [p]ower to regulate immigration, the mail, patents and copyrights, and commerce between the states and with foreign countries; and [p]ower to establish federal courts below the United States Supreme Court.† Also, the â€Å"Constitution provides that Congress has the power to pass any law necessary and proper to give effect to its named powers (Separation of Power, n.d.).Congress’ power could be checked through the Presidential veto on any proposed legislation; and the Supreme Court’s power to review the constitutionality of a law if it is challenged in a case brought before the Court.The ExecutiveAside from the oversight power to federal agencies that implement the passed law of Congress, the Executive through the President possessed the following powers: â€Å"[p]ower as Commander in Chief of the armed forces; [p]ower to make treaties, nominate judges to the federal judiciary, and appoint officers of the government, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate; and [p]ower to pardon individuals convicted of federal crimes.†The Congress and the Court could check the Executive through the following modes: â€Å"[t]he Senates power to ratify treaties the President has signed and to consent to the Presidents nominees for federal judgeships and other government positions; â€Å"[t]he power of Congress to impeach and convict the President for ‘treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors;’ [t]he federal judiciarys power to declare executive actions unconstitutional if they are challenged in court† (Separation of Power, n.d.).The Conflict Surrounding the Separation of PowersJames Madison’s Federalist Paper No. 51 stated that [a]mbition must be made to counteract ambition.  Thus, the concept of separation of powers is not designed to maximize efficiency but rather to maximize freedom.Through the years various conflicts were witnessed by the American People on the issue of separation of powers which stem from the various interpretations of the branches concerned on a given Constitutional provision, couched in general terms, prone to abuse.Executive EncroachmentTwo views on the â€Å"executive powers have been articulated by past presidents.   One view, the strong president view, favored by presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt essentially held that presidents may do anything not specifically prohibited by the Constitution.   The other, weak president view, favored by presidents such as Howard Taft, held that presidents may only exercise powers specifically granted by the Constitution or delegated to the president by Congress under one of its enumerated powers† (Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Separation of Powers. n.d).In the case of â€Å"Youngstown Sheet ; Tube Co. v Sawyer (1952) arose when President Harry Truman, responding to labor unrest at the nations steel mills during the Korean War, seized control of the mills.†   In a close de cision, the Supreme Court held that the President’s power is not limited to those powers expressly granted in Article II.  In the case of Dames and More v Regan (1981) â€Å"considered the constitutionality of executive orders issued by President Jimmy Carter directing claims by Americans against Iran to a specially-created tribunal. The Court, using a pragmatic rather than literalist approach, found the executive orders to be a constitutional exercise of the Presidents Article II powers† (Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Separation of Powers. n.d).Congressional EncroachmentsIn INS v Chadha (1983), the Court declared the resolution passed by Congress to nullify by resolution a disapproved action by an agency of the executive branch for its failure to comply with the requirements for legislation spelled out in Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution.  In Bowsher v Synar (1986), the Court invalidated a provision of the Balanced Budget Act that authorized the U.S. Comptroller General to impound funds appropriated for domestic or military use after the determination of a deficit by the federal budget   . The Court reasoned that by allowing the US Comptroller General is in [the] essence [of] a legislative veto.   Morrison v Olson the Court considered the constitutionality of the Independent Counsel (or special prosecutor) provisions in the Ethics in Government Act as not â€Å"an attempt by any branch to increase its own powers at the expense of another branch, and that the executive branch maintained meaningful controls over the counsels exercise of his or her authority† (Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Separation of Powers. n.d).Executive Privilege and ImmunitiesExecutive privilege, the right of the President to withhold certain information sought by another branch of government, was first claimed by President Jefferson in response to a subpoena from John Marshall in the famous treason trial of Aaron Burr.   The Supr eme Courts first major pronouncement on the issue, however, did not come until 1974 in United States v Richard Nixon, which involved the Watergate Scandal. The Court held that   the Constitution does indeed contain an executive privilege which was presumptive and not absolute.   Balancing the interests in the Nixon case, the Court opined that the privilege do not   extend to the requested Watergate tapes   Finally, in Clinton v Jones (1997), the Court rejected President Clintons argument that the Constitution immunizes   him from suits for money damages for acts committed before assuming the presidency.   The case arose when Paula Jones filed a suit alleging sexual harassment by Clinton in an Arkansas hotel room in 1991 while Clinton served as Governor of Arkansas† (Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Separation of Powers. n.d).Congressional Immunity under the Speech and Debate ClauseThe Federal Constitutional Framers â€Å"sought in various ways to guarantee the independence of each of the three branches.   The President was protected against criminal prosecutions while in office, answerable only in an impeachment trial with a super-majority required for a conviction.   Members of the federal judiciary were given lifetime tenure, with a guarantee that their compensation would be maintained.   To ensure free discussion of controversial issues in Congress, the framers immunized members of Congress from liability for statements made during a House debate:   for their ‘speech or debate’ they shall not be questioned in any other place. In 1979, in Hutchinson v Proxmire, the Court considered whether the immunity for Senate and House debate extended beyond the floor to cover press releases and statements released to the media.   The Court concluded that the Speech and Debate Clause protected only official congressional business, not statements for public consumption† (Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Separat ion of Powers. n.d).Congressional Encroachment on  Judicial Powersâ€Å"In Ex Parte McCardle (1868) the Court decided it lacked jurisdiction to consider the habeas corpus petition of William McCardle, a Vicksburg, Mississippi newspaper editor arrested by military official for writing incendiary editorials about the federal officers then in control of Mississippi during Reconstruction.   Although McCardle made his petition under the 1867 Habeas Corpus Act, Congress repealed the provision authorizing McCardles petition AFTER the Court had heard arguments in his appeal.   Although it was obvious that Congress repealed the provision in an attempt to specifically deprive McCarldle of the opportunity to gain release from military custody, the Court nonetheless upheld the validity of the Act and found itself without jurisdiction â€Å"(Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Separation of Powers. n.d).ConclusionThe concept of the Separation of Power has created a dynamic, vibrant a nd dynamic democracy such as that of the United States. It provides powers for each of the branches and these powers were to be used not in isolation but in collaboration with other branches.This concept maintained our individual freedoms from the tyranny or abuses that could be wrecked by any of the three branches in our government.Indeed, James Madison’s Federalist Paper No. 51 is enlightening when he stated that [a]mbition must be made to counteract ambition.  Thus, the concept of separation of powers is not designed to maximize efficiency; but designed to maximize freedom.