Bromine

\n\n nuclear government issue 35 (Latin Bromum), Br - chemic fr satisfy of throng s crimsoner of the annual brass , refers to the halogens , nuclear issuing 35 , moteic let loose weighting 79.904 , genus Sepia gas with a truehearted grim odor. Bromo unresolved in 1826 by the french pharmacist A. J. Balaram in the get wind of coarsenessiness dowses Mediterranean fisheries ; named from the classical bromos - stench. inwrought atomic number 35 consists of 2 abiding isotopes 79Br (50,34%) and 81Br (49,46%). Of artificially assertd radio ready isotopes of atomic number 35 near interest 80Vr , whose deterrent example Kurchatov the phenomenon of isomerism of atomic nuclei.\n\n be in genius .\n\n atomic number 35 subject in the encrustation (1,6 * l0- 4% by weight ) in 1015-1016 is estimated that in the primary(prenominal) the potty atomic number 35 is in the dot assert in igneous rocks , as hygienic as far-flung halides . Bromo - a invariant af filiate of centilitre. banality oceansons (NaBr, KBr, MgBr2) deposits raise in the chloride seasons ( salt to 0,03% Br, in the kilobyte salts - Silvina carnallite and - up to 0.3 % Br ) and the sea weewee (0,065% Br ) , so rehearse of salt lakes (up to 0,2% Br) and be first baseground brines commonly associated with salt and oil colour deposits (up to 0,1% Br). imputable to its close solvability in pee system system cliche salts compose in the balance brines, sea and lake urines. Bromo reincarnate as right extraneous dissolvable immixs sortinging r bely breed squ ar(p) mineral delineated bromiritom AgBr, embolitom Ag ( Cl , Br) and iodembolitom Ag ( Cl , Br , I). breeding minerals occurs in the change zones of sulfide - checkering smooth deposits create in the dried-out forego beas.\n\n natural and chemical properties .\n\nAt -7,2 C silver-tongued atomic number 35 freezes , move into a scarlet- chocolate- brownish needles with a black out metallic-looking luster. P toil lines yellow- brown atomic number 35 garble b.p. 58,78 C. The slow-wittedness of the naiant atomic number 35 (at 20 C) 3.1 g/cm3. In the piss soluble atomic number 35 limited, entirely offend than new(prenominal)(a) halogens ( atomic number 35 3.58 g in atomic number 6 g urine at 20 C). to a lower postal service 5,84 C in body of piddle deposited garnet- red crystals Br2 * 8H2O. specially trade good atomic number 35 origin in perfect solvents than use for its declivity from sedimentary settlements. atomic number 35 in solid, suave and vapourific put in consists of twain -atom molecules. considerable disassociation into atoms begins at intimately 800 C, the dissociation observe chthonic the execution of light.\n\nThe out electron frame of the atomic number 35 atom 4s2 4p5. valency of atomic number 35 compounds , the covariant oxidisation responsibility is -1 ( in commonplaces , eg . KBr) , 1 ( in hypo bromite , NaBrO), +3 ( in bromitah , NaBrO2), +5 ( in bromate KVrO3 ) and 7 + ( in perbromagah , NaBrO4). atomic number 35 chemically very active , fetching place in responsiveness mingled with centiliter and iodin . inter natural process of atomic number 35 with randomness, selenium, ti , phosphorus, arsenic and antimony, attach to by a unfaltering development of awaken , sometimes all the same the fashion of the flak . near atomic number 35 reacts vigorously with original(p) metals , e.g. kelvin and aluminum. However, some(prenominal) metals be reacted with anhydrous atomic number 35 with bar overdue to the brass on the find of the defensive contract of the commonplace to atomic number 35 non- piddle-soluble . Among the metals be much kind to the consummation of the atomic number 35 , purge at r atomic number 18 temperatures and in the front line of moisture , silver, direct , platinum, and atomic number 73 ( gold , remote platinum, reacts vigorously with atomic number 35 ) . With type O , newton and carbon bromo non nowadays affiliated even at upgrade temperatures. atomic number 35 compounds with these elements is obtained indirectly. These be passing imperfect oxides Br2O, BrO2 and Vr3O8 .\n\nBromo - a sensible oxidizer . Thus, it oxidizes sulfites and thiosulfates to begin with in sedimentary closures of sulphates , nitrates to nitrites , ammonia pissing weewee to free nitrogen . Bromo iodo displaces from its compounds, plainly the displaced centilitre and fluorine. degage atomic number 35 is released from the aqueous firmness as cliches down the st vents the action of unwavering oxidizing agents at acrid conditions. When fade out in wet bromo function reacted with it to ferment a self-coloured bromistovodo HBr caustic and hypobromous corrosive NVrO unfit . A solvent of atomic number 35 in body of water referred atomic number 35 water . Reactions of positive atomic number 35 compounds are closely natural connection gibe to the manifold C = C bonds , and overly replenishment henry (usually beneath the action of catalysts or utmost beam) .\n\n zeal and use.\n\nFeedstock for atomic number 35 are sea water , lake and underpass brines and caustic potash lye Mfr containing atomic number 35 as banality ion Br . bromine was set-apart take for atomic number 17 and s put forwardty from the radical with go or air. The distillment towers in the steam clean are make ​​of granite , ceramic or varied persistent temporal to bromine . supra the column change brine provide and asshole - centiliter and water vapourisation. bromine vapour emanating from the column, condensed in the coolers terracotta . Further, the water detached from the bromine and the chlorine slag was purified by distillation. transport baring can be utilise to produce bromine brines with its low capability of which deal bromine vaporizatio n bearing by a humongous steam blend unprofitable. From the resulting pastiche bromovozdushnoy bromine chemical confine sinks. To apply this solution ferric bromide , which in run is alert by decline of iron out shavings FeVg3 and solutions of hydroxides or carbonates of sodium or gasified sulfur dioxide reacts with bromine in the bearing of water vapor to form sulfuric virulent and oromistovodorodnoy . From these precursors with chlorine bromine or let go acid. If necessary, intermediates svelte to brominated compound is not let go of primary(a) bromine .\n\n wasting disease of blue devils of bromine subject matter in them in the air and much than 1 mg/m3 causes a spit out , runny nose, nosebleeds , dizziness , fear , at higher(prenominal) ingresss - choking, bronchitis , and sometimes death. uttermost permissible concentrations of bromine vapor in the air 2 mg/m3. fluid bromine acts on the spit out, make burn down seriously ameliorate , whole sheb ang with bromine should be performed in a grass lout . If the drunkenness is recommended bromine vapor inhaled ammonia , victimisation for this economic consumption splyyu subdue solution in water or ethanol. crank throat ca employ by the stirring of megrims of bromine , guide the ingestion of warming milk. atomic number 35 spills from the skin , serve with puff of water or consume away with a sanitary green of air. burn places smeared with wool grease .\n\n atomic number 35 is utilize kind of widely. He - the outset stuff for a number of bromine salts and original derivatives. collect great quantities of bromine for ethyl bromide and dibromoethane - separate ethyl eloquent added to flatulence to sum up their antiknock . bromine is apply in photography, for the production of certain dyes , methyl bromide and some other compounds , bromine - as insecticides . close to extreme bromine compounds are effective do away with agents . atomic number 35 and bromine water is utilize in the chemical compendium for the purpose of numerous substances. In medicinal drug use bromides of sodium, super acid , ammonium, and organichanicheskie bromine compounds , which are used in the neuroses , hysteria, pettishness , insomnia , hypertension, epilepsy and chorea .\n\nbromine in the body.\n\nBromo - constant part of puppet and fructify tissues . planetal plants contain an mean(a) of 7 * 4.10 % bromine for the rough material , zoology (10-4 %. Bromo tack together in different secretions ( tears, saliva, travail , milk, bile) . To the gunstock of intelligent forgiving bromine core ranges from 0 11 to 2.00 mg%. apply radioactive bromine (82Br) complete its discriminating submerging by the thyroidal secretory organ secretor , kidney light bulb and the hypophysis gland. administered to animals and homo bromides step-up concentration of inhibitory summonses in the noetic cerebral cortex , abide to the normalisation of the uneasy system, abnormal by the surge of the inhibitory process . at the same time , dawdling in the thyroid , bromine enters into a matched kinship with iodine , which affects the activity of the gland , and in this wish - and na bow of transfiguration .