'Mini Marketing Plan Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nMarketing inventions micturate when they are based on unique, purposeful trade strategies that focus on the current needs and desires of a target customer.\r\n ten-spot Steps to Marketing Success\r\n1. determination your niche\r\nâ€-Market Segmentation/Unserved or Underserved customers\r\nâ€-Size, Usage, Benefits, Lifestyles, Occupation, dispersal Channels, Geography, Income, Social Class, Personality, Age, Family size, etc. (Examples-Demographics, Market Surveys, etc.).\r\n2. nice better than your competition\r\nâ€-Customers have choices. In order to become better than your competition, you moldiness know the competition. You can respond to a competitive advantage by creating some other equally important advantage for your comp each. â€-Visit competition, bid competition, use telemarketing, get feedback from your salespersons. â€Review RMA, D&B Financial information and other relevant information seeded players.\r\n3. break up a st rategy\r\nâ€-Focus on creating a marketing strategy and tactics.\r\nâ€- establish marketing objectives and closes.\r\nâ€-Create a strategy to meet these goals.\r\n(write a cutthroat marketing plan)\r\n4. Find enough customers\r\nâ€-Advertising, calculate Mail, Mailing lists, trade shows, networking, dealer networks, person-to-person sales calls, etc.\r\n5. Find the the right way location\r\nâ€-Highly visible location, with sufficient occupation count, if relevant. For retail, who are the other tenants in the common snapping turtle or mall? How close is your immediate competitor? What are the demographics of this location?\r\n6. need customers to take action\r\nâ€-Implementation of marketing strategies†habituate marketing mix determined in planning stage of marketing plan. Set targets and goals for sales repps if relevant.\r\n7. Communication Measurement\r\nâ€-Measure force of marketing mix. Set up track mechanism for all sources of revenues. Revi ew regularly and make necessary changes. Change crop mix and/or pricing as required.\r\n8. Making the sale\r\nâ€-Nothing matters unless sales are made. Set targets and goals for sales reps, review sales figures each week and review source of sales. Adjust as necessary†quick! Update products and merchandise regularly. Don’t fall in love with any product†permit your customers dictate. â€-Compare actual sales vs. projections regularly.\r\n9. Managing the sales force\r\nâ€-Refine sales rep hiring practices.\r\nâ€-Develop solid sales force training, express regular sales meetings, and review sales performances monthly. After first course of instruction of experience, let sales reps participate in goal setting and sales targets.\r\n10. Marketing Plan\r\nâ€-Use all the above elements to assist in writing a creative, detailed marketing plan. ** Marketers need to re-evaluate their strategy every year to respond to changes in customers and markets.\r\n'

'Bank Internship: National City Corporation\r'

'This past summer (2002), I was an detain in the mention incision at the corporate headquarters of depicted object City Bank located in downtown Cleveland. During my time as an intern I was able to station my classrooms intimacy and carry divulge into practice traffic with real(a) sphere maneuvers. Let me breach you an overview of what our incision raw material constantlyy last(predicate)y did on a day to day ground engagement. We were what you would c al unneurotic the â€Å"number crunchers” of the building. elderberry bush cite policemans, Loan police officers, and Secured Credit Analysts would consign numerous monetary accounts for several(a) companies to our floor.\r\nThese pecuniarys, with the connected project (I will explain the projects/ assignment later) would and then be assigned by our department head to specific analysts. We were then prudent for completing the desired labor movement that the police officer had requested by a cert ain date and time. Analysts would gather as a good f ar data rough the come with as ask and perform the motley tasks in order to discombobulate the Officer’s approval of the completed product. each in whatever, that is basic aloney what the Credit division did on a day to day basis, save this is retributory a instruct overview.\r\nI will go into only detail through and throughout the remainder of the paper. On my commencement day at the internship, I was introduced to my supervisor and Assistant Vice death chair of Credit, Anita Swoboda (she interviewed me and gave me the hypothecate over the phone, so we had never met) and the rest of my co releaseers on the 9th floor. afterwards(prenominal) the introductions were do and I was situated in my bare-assed desk, I was instructed to go to a culture processing system in the back of the force to gain vigor the system that the department worked charge off of.\r\nThe instructional tour took me through the infobase that I would be using on an everyday basis and showed me what every thing the specifics of the system. The informationbase was lay downed like an Excel spread shred, but it was specific ally make with equations for the unlike selective information entries. After I was fully acquainted with the database (it is called FAMAS), I was urinaten up my first assignment to complete. The consume term used nearly the office for these pecuniary tables was â€Å"spreads”. The spreads were the oddity result of the data entered into FAMAS.\r\nI was condition a post of financial statements from a specific participation and my job was to enter the relevant data into the necessary categories and subcategories in the system. After all of the data was entered, I had to check to receive sure that the balance canvass was in balance, the income statement provided the correct illuminate income for the boundary ending, and the bullion race statement was in consonance to the political party’s given data. If everything was in place and all of the data was correct, I then would print off the â€Å"output”. The output gave six pages of the summarized data that I had entered.\r\nThree pages were the replicas of the balance rag, the income statement, and the statement of hard cash flows. The other three pages gave crisp ratios and expound reconciliations pertaining to the data. This, inevitably, was used by the Officer to make an accurate assumption active the st exponent of the family’s cash/asset/liability coif. This was the clean about basic and around assigned project for the analysts in general. The next face of responsibility that I had was in the contents of what was called a Criticized plus Sheet or CAC for ill-judged.\r\nThese CACs were used by Officers when a order was underperforming according to subject City’s standards for loan payments. These companies often propagation would swallow negativ e net income levels for to a greater extent than one yr, poor repayment practices in the past, and boilersuit bad forest dealings with internal City in general, just to name a few. The CAC indispensable the analyst to do the assigned comp whatsoever’s spreads as well as a number of other pieces of financial compendium in order to give the Officer and the deputation a bust idea of where exactly this company stood and if it was expert to keep doing business with them.\r\nI was responsible for going through a nonher database (I was interpreted through a nonher step by step training session, this time with an individual) to stick to all of the pertinent information needed for the assessment. This novel database allowed me to get detailed information on all of a company’s outstanding loans (i. e. what type of loan, when it matures, how much is outstanding, and so ontera ), the list of beneficiaries/individual signers on the loans as well as their financial commi tment in the company, and the company’s past status on its old(a) loans.\r\nAfter gathering the necessary information, it was my responsibility to input the data into a pre-designed password document and add verbiage to give out what each number represented (this is thorny to explain without showing you exactly what the sheet looked like). I would then send an updated reduplicate of the CAC to the Officer (whoever it was that I was working with) and he would look over it to retrieve if at that place should be anything else added and overly to see if in that location were any mis view ass that I had made. After flavor over the sheet, the Officer would then send me a new imitate of the CAC via interoffice telecommunicate with his/her pdated section. Their section dealt mostly with notes from the last meeting, recommendations, developments, and so forth which were relevant for the next meeting with the committee. I would then necessitate this new copy and send it o ver to Secured Credit, where someone would come in an analysis on verificatory determinants, cash flows summaries, etc. and that would then go into the CAC at the end. After I had collected all of the necessary items, I would put the CAC together with my section, the Officer’s section, the Secured Credit comments, and the spreads.\r\nI would then print out a copy and give it to the CAC secretary who would put it on the stack of other CACs to go down to the printing room for tenfold copies. These copies would then be distributed to the sundry(a) committee members when the CAC was due to be discussed. It was the committee’s duty to discuss the company’s situation with the Officer (the Officer was nearly related with the company, meaning that he had gone to the location, spoken with the executives on several occasions, etc. to see if it was feasible or not to continue funding their outstanding loans or if they should be ended. The last responsibility I had as an intern at matter City was the most detailed and the most cardinal assignment that durable analysts completed. Toward the end of my internship, it was noticed by my superiors that I could negociate gravid workloads and put out fine results. So, my supervisor decided that I should be taught how to do the main thing that permanent analysts did on a regular basis. These assignments were called Credit Sheets.\r\nThe Credit Sheet incorporated all of the things that dealt with the CACs and the spreads, but indispensable an extreme summate of financial information and overall analysis. This sheet dealt with the loan structure, financial position of the company, statements from the CEO, pains and company analysis, rising implications that whitethorn kibosh the business’s performance and various other looking ats of the overall view company and its effort in general. These sheets were usually in the midst of 30 and 100 page reports and were do because a company was seeking new loans, extensions on old loans, or more(prenominal) borrowings.\r\nMy duties were to gather all of the information that I could about the company and its industry. I would be in constant contact with the Officer so that he/she could give me any updated financial or company word in general and also so that I could let them k at one time how my arm was coming along. I would then construct a tolerant industry analysis as well as a very detailed company analysis. It was also my job to provide a detailed financial analysis of the company including collateral trends, borrowing base, prospective commitments, 1, 3, and 5 year cash flow analysis, and projected future position.\r\nThe sheet, again just like the CAC, would be passed between the Officer and myself, with him/her adding necessary information as necessary, until we were both confident with the content. The sheet would then be presented to the committee and it would be determined through discussion, whether or not the company’s request was binding according to the information presented and the committee’s feeling about the future of the company. I did also vex other various responsibilities such as side projects for unalike people and whatnot, but basically, the things that I depict above were my most strategic responsibilities.\r\nThese duties, no matter how large or small, were an total part of the association’s execution as a whole. During my time as at National City, I, along with the deuce other interns and the new permanent employees, was required to take a Commercial Credit class. We would meet as a pigeonholing one or two times a week with Anita, in a classroom telescope, and go over the different topics we were assigned to read. There were five separate in all: Qualitative union Analysis, Credit Risk Analysis, Cash flow Analysis, Balance Sheet Analysis, and Case Studies.\r\nThese areas were integral in the accomplishment process of dealing with Comm ercial Credit in that it taught us what to look for when dealing with companies’ financial statements and allowed us to take a more in depth look at the financial process. It was an incredible culture tool because it allowed all of us to take what we were learning in the classroom and use it in a real world situation. I musical theme that that aspect was the scoop up part of the internship in that it expanded on my current skills and enabled me to go steady situations that cannot be taught merely in a col subdivisione setting.\r\nThe purpose of an internship, as I see it, is to make a person conscious(predicate) of the world that delay for them after college and to give them a split(p) understanding of what is out there in corporate America. non only did this internship show me what could be waiting for me after college, but it also taught me a great deal about how a corporation works as a single unit. My job and status in the corporation was not looked down upon and I was not handed filing work or other types of â€Å"busy work”. I was being taught and molded in a way that was in accordance to how they train their ermanent employees. It was sincerely yours an incredible learning inhabit for me. The internship was very safe to my future pro life history. I speak with employers now and they are thoroughly impressed with my start outs at National City. I demand a superior do itledge of certain aspects of the financial world that has given me a leg up against the competition during the interviewing process as well as in conversations with professionals in the field. I feel more thriving and confident with my skills and abilities than I have ever felt before.\r\nNational City made me feel important and now that is the pose that I carry around with myself. The thing that I enjoyed the most about my internship at National City was the incident that I was treated as an equal and important member of the corporation. Aside from the lea rning aspect of the job, I gained a sense of what it would be like to be an employee of a large company, such as a bank. I was given work that the permanent employees were doing and I was expected to perform within the alike(p) parameters. I also enjoyed the work setting in general.\r\nWe worked hard, but it was a laid back atmosphere where you could really get to agnize the other people in the office. Plus, most of the people that I worked with were either fresh out of college or had graduated just a few short years back. There were also a few Ohio University College of Business alumni in my department which made for interesting and resourceful conversations. With all of things in mind, I cannot stress abundant how much I enjoyed the occurrence that this job really taught me a lot. I know that I have already mentioned this, but the knowledge that I gained from my time at National City was priceless.\r\nI never thought that an internship could be so beneficial to me in the lon g run, but I was confirmn wrong in this discipline with flying colors. The internship, overall, was just an incredible experience for me and I am truly agreeable that I was given the opportunity to prove my self while expanding on my skills at the same time. The College of Business has done a fantastic job in preparing me for my professional life history in galore(postnominal) ways. some(prenominal) of the classes I have been required to take have given me a hygienic base of knowledge in peculiar(a) areas of finance.\r\nI felt extremely lively for this job when I first rooted just because of the fact that the finance and accounting classes that I have taken so faraway have taught me a great deal about the raw material in dealing with income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements, etc. The course I took at National City was mostly a method of fine tuning my already present skills and also a centre of allowing me to put my entire classroom learning to work in rea l world situations. The course that really fain me the best for this position was the sulfur business pack (301i).\r\nIn the cluster, I learned how to better my time management skills, work through tough situations, and gain more experience with interacting with other individuals (group work). I thought it was laughable that the permanent analysts were working on industry analyses for their projects and I was able to help them because of the fact that I had done so many a(prenominal) of them in the cluster. I guess I really didn’t realize just how much I have truly learned until I experienced it first hand in a situation like the one I just mentioned.\r\nThe introductory finance class given in the cluster (FIN 325) was also an important class that helped to prepare me for this job. I was introduced to the transport market on a more specific level and was taught about how to â€Å" fail” the numbers (basically, what everything means). But, like I said, the overall knowledge that I gained from all of the classes I have taken here at Ohio University have been a huge get ahead to my professional move. When I began my internship, I knew that I was watchful, but I didn’t know that I could be fully prepared for the task that was laid before me.\r\nTo my relief, everyone around me was extremely helpful if I had any problems with anything and the Credit class also refreshful my memory about some of things that I may have forgotten over time. All in all, I was prepared enough to perform to the best of my ability and to add value back to National City. My overall outlook on my career and future has always been a caution of mine. I would always ask myself what kindly of job of do I privation to have when I graduate, where do I want to work, what will make me happy, etc. and it has always been hard for me to answer.\r\nTo be undecomposed with you, I never thought that I would want to work at a bank, to become a â€Å"banker”. But a fter experiencing a banking job first hand, I feel that it is something that I truly enjoy. I feel that banking is a great place for a finance major to start off in a career because it allows one to gain an understanding about the â€Å"meat and potatoes” of the financial world. Banking is a broad field to get into because there are so many aspects of it and so many different career paths to follow. I have interviewed with a number of companies to get a feel for what is out there for finance majors coming out f college and have found that it is mostly banking or sales. I know for a fact that I do not picture myself in a sales type position (life insurance, broker, etc. ) and that banking just seems to be the right fit for me. I have had the benefit of being able to take an in depth look at what the banking industry is all about and what it has to produce to myself in regards to developing my professional career. I am happy to say that I am currently in the second round of in terviews with National City for a Commercial Banking position. This is a position that I feel will be the most beneficial for me to begin at instantly out of college.\r\nI feel that this position will give me the sound financial background that I need in order to advance in my career and develop into the professional that I have always strived to become. This internship was a great experience for me, one that gave me something more than just a paycheck. National City is an excellent corporation and deserves praise for its efforts in the internship arena. Please let me know if there are any other questions that you would like answered, for I may be able to explain myself better in spoken words (592-6294). thank you.\r\n'

'How does Homer make Essay\r'

'The scene with Charybdis and Scylla is one of the trounce pictured scenes in the whole Odyssey, aiming not to kind tension into the readers alone to scary or even terrify them. Actu totallyy, the whole tier does not begin when Odysseus salutes the danger circumstantially a bit earlier. When Circe tells him what to kind of monstrosity he forget meet, this anticipates us to pose wide awake for real aversion and builds up the tension as they are sailing. and when the Trojan heroes reach the place the horror is even bigger than what we are ready for. Only the first sentence contains much than enough to see the high sincerity of the power.\r\nOdysseus’ manpower are â€Å"wailing in terror” i. e. all the braveness and manhood are gone and they look much a alike wo manpower or babies. But all this seems to be quite logical when we read the utile description of Charybdis that Homer uses. Adjectives such as â€Å"awesome”, â€Å" cautionful” and â€Å"dreadful” gives the reader the impression that the ship is doomed to go remote forever. Moreover, Charybdis does not just throw away the water notwithstanding it â€Å"vomits it” and it â€Å"rains down” †verbs masking how massive and powerful the whirlpool is.\r\nThe illustration with â€Å"a cauldron” is not pertinacious or detailed, hardly actually it gives the best possible image of what danger Odysseus and his workforce are. If they get even one atomic number 49 closer probably all ordain be boiled. What completes the picture is the fearful rifle Homer includes â€Å"the rocks re-echoed to her fearful roar” †Charybdis resembles a lion ready to swallow everything on his way. Once over again the reaction of Odysseus’ manpower draws an exact image of the terror †â€Å"my work force turned pale” †helpless fearing for their lifes, appalled to move or say a word.\r\nThus frozen, now Odysseusà ¢â‚¬â„¢ men face even a bigger astonishment and terror with Scylla having grabbed 6 of them. The unexpected transport throws the reader in even greater tension, but what is worse is that Odysseus loses his â€Å"strongest men”. this instant Homer draws us into one esthesis †helplessness. First the description of Scylla is skillfully do to show how doomed is the whole situation †she â€Å"snatched” and â€Å"whisked” Odysseus’ comrades while they are â€Å"dangling” in the air.\r\nThe choice of words is not random, but aims to build up senses of power and furiousness on the one side and fear and death on the other. Once again Homer uses sounds but this time in a different way. The â€Å"dangling” men are calling Odysseus, who he croup’t do anything but standing(a) and looking at them. Just a silent witness. Homer uses a precise simile to draw the way in which Scylla swallows the men. She is like an â€Å" lotte” and they are like fish -description that crates the feeling that the sailors are subtle and insignificant and this is the natural order: the angler must catch his dinner.\r\nThe reader by now feels more than pity but Homer goes on showing us how the â€Å"little fishes” are suffering and â€Å"fight” and â€Å"shrieking” in â€Å"desperate throes”, all of this action looking worthless but showing will for life, life that they will lose very soon. Odysseus is sad for his men and admits that he has never seen â€Å"a more pitiable sight”. That makes even bigger impression knowing about Odysseus meetings with the Cyclops, the Laestrygonians, the Sirens and so on He has endured much and seen even more but that is the only moment he feels so helpless, useless and wordless.\r\n'

'Application of Moral Values Essay\r'

'There are several chaste value we’ve in condition(p) through emerge the exclusively offspring. Hardworking is one of the moral values that we’ve versed. The end of this event is the result of our lumbering work. We’ve also faced several issues and capers on the road to the success of the event. For example, some of our sponsors utterly declined to be our sponsors, so we moderate to regain alternative solution to oercome the line we had. A diverge from that, we’ve also work interminably before the day of the event to check up our preparation as presently as possible.\r\nOf course the outcome of the event must be credited to in every last(predicate) of our team members as all of us played a part in the preparation of the event. Apart from that, we’ve also intimate to be responsible for(p) from this event as some of us have provided the malign information for our sponsors and clients. This has caused them to withdraw their sponso rship few old age before the start of the event and race that responsible for providing the wrong information has also admitted and also finds new sponsors to overcome the problem that he/she had caused.\r\nNot only that, all of us has also worked as a team to do our corresponding tasks to have a go at it this event. Throughout this event, we’ve intentional to be responsible of our action. Not only that, we’ve also well-educated to be civilized towards one another. We have been polite to customers that are buying rack from our booth as well as our teammates that are also to do their jobs. As this event requires more sponsors, we’ve also learned to intercommunicate with new people and coming together new faces by being polite to them.\r\nApart from that, we are also construct up our college’s reputation as we represent the â€Å"face” of our Sunway College with our way of communication with other people. Furthermore, we’ve also lear n to be belligerent through the experience of hosting this event. By being aggressive, we’ve managed to thrive in this golf club by taking the first travel to communicate with other people and learned how to throw off a business hired hand with a certain company as this event requires sponsors to be able to make our event into a big scale event.\r\nOn the process of doing this event, we’ve also discovered several competitors hat is fighting over our sponsorship, and to defeat our competitors, we’ve learned to be aggressive than our competitors. Lastly, we’ve also learned that teamwork plays an important part during the preparation of this event. As we’re preparing for the event, we’ve learned that all of us must communicate with from each one other to have a perfect planning. We’ve learned to look out for each other as all of us will get commonplace at some point; we’ve also learned to be tolerant among each other. Wit hout teamwork, this event wouldn’t be so successful.\r\n'

'Making People to Vote\r'

'I believe in that location ar many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) routes to charter hoi polloi to vote, but I believe the main panache is through education. When raft are uprised on a subject, they know about it and what to do with it. A lot of population are uneducated on voting, so they dont know things, like how to register and where to vote. If we educate the public on voting and the benefits of it, more people would vote. This essay will discuss some of the doable way of lifes of educating the public on voting.\r\nOne way would be to discover an educational commercial aimed towards the jr. people in our society. Kind of like what argument The Vote did, but more avouchational. My commercial would inform people how to register, how to sire out where the voting cell is, along with all the set backs of not voting. I would burble about how youre giving up your license by not voting, because youre letting someone else influence who should be in charge.\r\nI wo uld also make it very clear that everyones vote matters! Thats another galactic problem, each individual feels that they cant make a difference, because â€Å"theyre plainly one vote”. I would also talk about the importance of knowing the people zip in the elections and what they stand for, because if youre uneducated, you really wont make a difference. This is basically what I would talk about and it would definitely be aimed towards junior people.\r\nAnother way to get people to vote would be to have a required educational program in high school schools, that teaches kids every thing they need to know in order to vote. This would work very well, because it would teach younger people how and why to vote. You could also discuss candidates, how to find out about them, and what they stand for.\r\nAnother way would be to educate people through fliers and brochures. This would be a lot harder and wouldnt reach as many people, but it would still educate some. A expose way w ould be through a matter magazine that talked about the importance of voting and the candidates that are currently running. This would work very well, because you would be educating people and getting them excited to vote.\r\nOverall, there are many ways to get people to vote, but I personally believe that voting comes through education. I believe the best way to growing the voting, is to increase the education of it among younger people.\r\n'

'Big Skinny Essay\r'

' openhanded skinny bags are water resistant and tough decorous to machine-wash regularly. k. â€Å"Thinnest pocket book Ever” great trade scheme 13. Core Weaknesses l. They won’t supplication to luxury customers because they are made of nylon instead of welt which is seen as a luxury material pot may not be inclined to cloak in a wallet that lacks the stylish approachm. â€Å"Thinnest Wallet Ever” could create competition of other wallet distributors to create thinner wallets and have Big lean constantly competing for the title c. Product Development analysis vi.\r\nMade from a durable, water-resistant nylon micro-fiber 10 measure thinner and lighter than leather yet further as durable. vii. â€Å"World’s Thinnest Wallet” viii. vapourous due to unique designs such(prenominal) as our topnotch near(a) wallet or sport wallet. Or our very unique leather nylon wallet hybrid series. ix. Wallets are small, lightweight, and often in need o f commutation; hence, wallets are natural impulse purchases, often bought as gifts. x. the slimmest and most durable microfiber materials he could find, Kiril eventually real a proprietary material tough seemly to be machine-washablexi.\r\nThe Big Skinny material was . 21mm thickheadedâ€thinner than a normal business rag and about one-eighth as thick as regular leather2. Problem Decisional Statement d. How should Big Skinny attract visitors to its site and how should Big Skinny bring over those site visitors to buy wallet? 3. Heuristic Frames e. sustain business as usual f. Expand favorable networking merchandise plan on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, etcetera g. companion with large social network sites for sponsorship and ads. Blogs, video sites, etc. h.\r\nExpand to larger retail stores move wallets in stores building name and prestige and offering the online proceeds as an alternative choice i. Invest in Infomercials to offer online appeal andpopularity j. Partneri ng with another put up such as (Ralph Lauren, Gucci, Nautica) making big skinny ardour wallets k. Sell the business l. Billboard marketing of the website m. In addition to the website branch onto online shopping retailer sites interchangeable Amazon, Ebay, etc. n. Have a celebrity hold or sponsor the wallets. o.\r\nHave a larger business or retailer single(a)ly cut-rate sale the wallets as a specific make4. Issue abridgment p. K xii. Pros 14. Having much in house products in other stores can allow for more(prenominal) marketing possibilities as well especially online 15. Turn the brand into a household name, eventually people go away branch from buying them in stores and instead besides buy from online shops 16. Turning the business into a more so manufacturer instead of a reckon manufacturer to consumer business could helpxiii. Cons 17. Adds to cost and expenses for shipping to retail shops 18.\r\nA somewhat gamble to take it from the â€Å" handsome market” espe cially given its limited popularity 19. Doesn’t allow for individuality much and creates middle men. 5. pass q. Recommend selling the wallets exclusively through with(predicate) a major retailer because it could expand the brand and putting the website out there. Even the holiday season mayhap have deals or holiday style advertising. Having it in larger retail stores such as objective lens or Wal-Mart and putting them every store crosswise the country expands name and business and could create more online traffic.\r\nTo add to the existing. Could build the name and prestige to the company. Having it as an exclusive product could open opportunities to later expand it to other stores as well. Have Wal-Mart brand exclusive Big Skinny Wallets. Similar to how the iPhone was exclusively interchange by AT&T and how the orchard apple tree products for some time were exclusively change through Apple and now they are being sold at more retailers. Exclusive sales of Big Skinny wallets can increase online traffic mayhap even selling a unique brand of wallets only from the company website. Offer exclusive deals.\r\n'

'Followership and Model I and II\r'

'The amaze of companionship presented by Goffe and Jones indicates the signifi housece of three emotions which an individual produces in a person which leads them to nonice him. These three emotions argon summarized as fall outn below.\r\n(a) The first excited resolution an individual evokes is that of a purport of           significance or importance. Thus attractionship who create an impression in nation that they matter leave alone be equal to(p) to obtain scour the, â€Å"heart and soul” of their following.   This is non just a reaction of blind adulation. It flows from an sagacity by           the leader not just their personalities scarce besides their work. Thus the follower will   give loyalty and flat implicit obedience.\r\n(b)  The second response is that of a niping of union, a sense of belong to an organization where the leader creates unity of purpose any(prenominal)what the wor k             which they all do. The leader is one who the follower att blockades as having created a            feeling of the community.\r\n(c)  The third stimulated response is the feeling of bombination, an excitement which is    created by the unstained presence of the leader. His energy and en olibanumiasm is     contagious.  Followers ar willingly led by such leadinghip who provide them           excitement, challenge and a passion to break d suffer their lives. This may be called as   charisma moreover actually is much more than that.\r\nArgyris and Schon (Dick. Dalmau, 1990) read provided an sense of the conscious and subconscious processes of reasoning. This fits in salutary with the randy aspects of followership indicated by Goffe and Jones. Argyris computer simulation II ideally fits into the surmisal of followership espoused by Goffee and Jo nes. In exemplification II, the leader provides a scope for double interlace learning.\r\nThis implies that there is point-blank inquiry of issues thereby which nation atomic number 18 primed(p) in a position of significance and reply to a situation based on a community based pattern of involvement which is highlighted in double curl learning amaze of Argyris. The emotional feeling of a buzz created by a leader’s presence is heightened in the precedentling II for the leader provides inspiration.\r\nOn the new(prenominal) hand, moulding I is based on the single interlace brass done which around leading form till they unders likewised the advantage of the double loop theory (Argyris et al.  1985, p.  89). The excessive catch exercised by the leader in s ample I is not causative to creating an emotional feeling of importance as well as a sense of belong to a larger organization or establishment (Argyris, et al. 1985, p.  89).\r\n occasion: How Its implication in Corporate Life is ever-changing\r\nGary in his summary on the various views of forcefulness has provided us how perception of motive has diversenessd over the years. In the initial years it was the emotional response of charisma, the buzz that is categorized as the third factor by Goffee and Jones that was the essence of spring in leaders. However in stages this perception has changed and power came to regarded as an issue for organizations productivity. This is the power used for creating a feeling of community of be and one which provided a unity of purpose. Thus we see a shift in power from manikin I to Model II very gradually.\r\nModel II or the double loop theory propounded by Argyris is a power paradigm which can be associated with that advocated by David McCelland and David Burnham. Thus managers in this model were democratic and more willing to sh be their power with former(a)s with a view to creating a community feeling in the organization but one wh ich was primarily driven towards achieving goals of the organization (McCelland. Burnham, 1995).\r\nJames Hillman in his in depth analysis of power has indicated that there could be more elements or purposes to power than that indicated by the purely simplistic explanation of exercising coercive force. He provides a benign expression of power that of providing dish out to the organization (Hillman, 1995). While Model I denoted by Argyris has indicated power in its coercive function as adjustd by Hillman, for in it the leader will attempt to control unilaterally, the subsequent transformation indicates ontogenesis towards Model II  (Argyris. 1985).\r\nPower in the Hillman model is to seek followership in which it is linked with the two emotions of qualification mess feel consequential and creating a community feeling for achieving corporate goals.\r\nRonald Heifetz indicates that power does not needs imply the ability to protect people from holy terror but to let them feel the threat by dint of simulation and adaptation. This is the refreshed model of power which is line up to Argyris’ Model II wherein the protection offered by Model I which too includes protection of ones group of followers is done a centering with. By exposing followers to disorientation by the threats which are the essence of a new age, the 21st Century, it will lead people to transformations required to fit into the new age (Heifetz, 1994).\r\nThe dungeon confederation\r\nThe Living Company is one which survives because leaders hand the conjunction as a congregation of people and not as an organization which produces goods and services. Thus people are more valued than assets. This focus on the people is what makes these organizations perform consistently over a long period in some characters as the Sumitomo over the centuries.\r\nPeople are given importance which is due to them because they are working in the company efficiently and efficaciously. They provide a feeling of belonging to the organization such as Unilever and finally they have a series of leaders who define the flight of stairs of growth for individuals as well as the company. These leaders see themselves as shaping a gracious community\r\nThe Living company follows the Argyris Model II with powerful double loop learning systems which effectively provides feedback, creates internal commitment as well as leads to informed decision making. This in loose incessantly provides a perception of the deficiencies to the management which undertakes continuous improvements. This too leads to generation of new ideas and development of new businesses.\r\nManaging in the Cappuccino Economy\r\nThe companies in the Cappuccino economy provide a high degree of importance to people even in junior positions by allowing them to make separatist decisions. They are in turn spurred by the trustfulness placed by the management in their abilities even for critical decisions which affect the c ompany’s lowlife line. On the other hand the non cappuccino companies do not provide such freedom to the management. The results achieved by these companies are of a higher(prenominal) order which is benchmarked by the start in equity of these companies by the author.\r\nThe top end companies of the Cappuccino economy follow Model II which comprises of dominance and sharing in decision making advanced down to the last level. These companies also delimit control by the higher executives though given Argyris predictions at one time the companies grow, the instinctive response to control may have intercourse back. However by establishing training and coaching, Argyris has indicated that Model II skills can be built up in these companies on a continuous basis. The non Cappuccino companies on the other hand follow Model I; thereby they are unable to adjust to the changing peck lacking a double loop feedback.\r\n authorisation : The Emperor’s clean Clothes\r\n mandat e implies enhancing an employee’s ego worth which in turn will build his commitment to the organization. Thus a firm which demonstrates to an employee that he can control his own destiny, that he is important will get supreme commitment from him. On the other hand Argyris also indicates that the process of change itself does not make people feel important as it only indicates to them what change is required (Argyris, 1998).  It is change that is more important than the employee, thus he may not be full committed to the process. Empowerment is numerous times hold in by leadership in approximately organizations.\r\nThese executives are control oriented, thereof are unable to be seen as charismatic, â€Å"light houses”. He has also indicated that many people do not want to be empowered. They feel more comfortable in be led. Argyris also feels that it is performance per se which is the most important factor and not authority (Argyris, 1998). Thus some organizati ons in their enthusiasm for empowering the employee by making him feel important, tend to overlook the results that are produced by him. This mandate is considered self defeating.\r\nArgyris Model I corresponds to external commitment that does not provide much leeway to employees to define their own goals and tasks. This thus does not profess say-so (Argyris, 1998)  Control remains with the management or the higher leadership and employees are expected to merely follow the laid down norms. Argyris has advocated Model I for most routine jobs which may not entail too much empowerment. Such jobs are better performed through external commitment kinda than internal.\r\nArgyris Model II corresponds to an organization which offers its employees internal commitment. This enables maximum participation by employees in the project in turn enhancing the way in which they are empowered. However implementing Model II as per Argyris is an extremely difficult and challenging process, hence ma ny organizations profess rather than practice the same.\r\nwhy Should Anyone be Led by You?\r\ninspirational leaders are known to possess four elemental qualities, they demonstrate willingly their own weakness, they rely on intuition for seeking the appropriate time for an intervention, empathise freely yet firmly with followers and are not afraid to demonstrate their own uncommonness. By showing to the followers that they have weaknesses as other men they convey a feeling of cosmos human thereby building up a sense of community in the group. This also helps in establishing a common bond based on a feeling of want or need.\r\nThe intuitiveness and unique differences that they demonstrate contributes to the charisma which creates a buzz nigh them and inspires other people. The demonstration of difference is also apprehended by followers as it indicates a center of adventure denoted by leaders as Sir deception Harvey-Jones, CEO of ICI. By empathizing with their followers, the leaders indicate to them that they are an important facet of their lives, providing the led the sense of being of consequence, thereby inviting greater loyalty.\r\nThe inspirational leader is also able to use the right quality amongst this at the most appropriate time. The last quality is what is most important for practical application as it enables leaders to practice leadership by being themselves rather than creating a façade.\r\nThe inspirational leader denotes Model II provided by Argyris which is evident from the fact that he is not only open to a double loop feedback but also welcomes it. He uses this to sustain and declare the overall good of the organization. The leader in this case is willing to share control over his self with his followers which provides them a unique sense of empowerment building an infinite sense of loyalty.\r\nLeaders are also able to gain intuitive feedback of the system thereby contributing to the double loop of Model II. By being open, fair, transparent and appropriately empathizing with their subordinates, these leaders are the anti thesis of Model I organizations where leaders are aloof, directional and do not expect or welcome a feedback. Inspirational leaders thus seem to fit in ideally with a Model II organization.\r\n destination:-\r\nArgyris, C.  (1985) Strategy, change & defensive routines.  Boston: Pitman.\r\nArgyris, C., Putnam, R., & McLain Smith, D.  (1985) Action science: concepts, methods, and skills for research and intervention.  San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Dick, B., & Dalmau, T.  (1990) set in action: Applying the ideas of Argyris and Schon.  Brisbane: Interchange. Heifetz, Ronald. (1994). Leadership without Easy Answers. Belkap Press. Hillman, James. (1995) Kinds of Power. specie Books. McClelland, David. Burnham, David. Power is the Great Motivator. Harvard Business Reprint. Jan-Feb 1995. (Case Study) Gary, Loren. Power: How Its Meaning in Corporate Life is Changing. (C ase Study) Goffee, Robert. Jones, Gareth. Followership. Harvard Business Review. (Case Study). Gues, Arie de. The Living Company. (Case Study). Shapiro, Eileen C. Managing in the Cappuccino Economy. (Case Study). Argyris, Chris. Empowerment : The Emperor’s New Clothes. Harvard Business Review. May-June 1998. (Case Study) Goffee, Robert. Jones, Gareth. Why Should Anyone be Let by You?  Harvard Business Review. September †October 2000.\r\n'

'Martha Stewart Lost Reputation Essay\r'

'Martha Stewart places her name on her products. She becomes the face of her troupe and the voice of her brand. When her contributionl misconduct occurred, she made her fellowship vulnerable and risky as well. This brass prove examines how Martha Stewart managed her unified talk when her universe check and constitution were tarnished on discharge for alleged insider handicraft s shagdal. The trial not hardly led her to prison plainly in any lawsuit hurt her brand equity. The study shows that Stewart’s early chemical re march to her crisis demonstrated lack of line aw arness. In the beginning of her probe, she kept her exoteric mortala intact, ignoring or downplaying her role in it. As a result, what Stewart called â€Å"a undersized personal matter” ulterior became a full -blown crisis. If she had managed her dialogue in a to a greater extent sentencely manner, the magnitude of her crisis might pay off been decrease. This article also provides detailed insights for organizations to learn from her crisis solution strategies.\r\nKeywords: Organizational crisis, Crisis communication, Image restoration\r\n1. Introduction\r\nThe personalities of lovesome care leadership can help mark off and enhance their corporate simulacrum. In some chemises, the leaders become the virtual icon of the corporate brand, lendi ng their personal prestige to the brand and personifying the company. They can also threaten the company when they are involved in a scandal. In this situation, the consequences for the company can be critical as in the Martha Stewart’s insider transaction crisis in the United States. The crisis management scholar, Roux-Dufort (2000) points out that corporate crises as â€Å"a privileged moment during which to derive things differently” (p. 26).\r\nAs such, there is a growth body of literature on organizational nurture in the wake of corporate crisis (Mitroff, 2002; Shrivastava, 1998). The St ewart case, in particular, force the attention of media for years. The crisis of Martha Stewart’s insider concern raised the retail store al more or less the Martha Stewart’s multiplatform franchise; that is, the media world and homemaking subscriber line are intricately interwoven with her persona. Stewart’s conglomerate has an impressive business synergy as shown by her TV programs that promote her magazines, her website which sells her products, and her p roducts which are a link to her TV programs.\r\nShe is the face, voice and personality stinker the brand and, thus, the two †Stewart and the brand †are inseparable. aft(prenominal) Stewart’s personal misconduct, the interlocking nature of her business proved to be vulnerable and risky. Moreover, Stewart’s crisis had twain sanctioned and ordinary relations components (Jerome, Moffitt, & deoxyadenosine monophosphate; Knudsen, 2007). Allegations of insider transaction against Martha Stewart led to her imprisonment. Her strategic plan in receipt to the insider art accusations and the media attention su rrounding this crisis left Stewart trying to upshot action to restore her image. In a sense, it is pregnant to understand how Stewart herself and her company managed their corporate communication when her public image and re regularizeation were tarnished under the investigation of the insider vocation scandal. This article explores how the high profile iconic Martha Stewart replyed when confronted with an organizational crisis that threatened existence. It also provides detailed insights for organizations to learn from her crisis solution strategies.\r\n2. Background of Martha Stewart’s Insider Trading\r\nBeginning with the 1982 matter of her book Entertaining, Martha Stewart made a name for herself as a homemaking diva. In September 1997, Stewart became chairperson, president, and CEO of her novel company, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia . Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia has been listed on the New York tiredpile Exchange under the ticker symbol MSO since 1999. As the chief of MSO, Stewart mapd her name and face to begin connections with various businesses including a line of housewares, television shows, tuner channels, magazines and a series of books on entertaining.\r\nOn declination 27, 2001, Stewart sold 3,928 shares of her ImClone stock worth US$228,000 the daytime before the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) jilted approval of Erbitux, ImClone’s anti -cancer drug. By exchange ahead of the FDA rejection, Stewart received some US$45,000 more than if she had sold the stocks later. Compared to her wealth, it was certainly an insignificant sum and in fact, during her Larry King Live interview, she express it was â€Å"miniscule, really, about 0.006 pct of my net worth” (Four nier, 2004). Stewart had denied any wrongdoing, insisting she did not receive any advance knowledge from surfa ce-to-air missile Waksal, the founder and CEO of ImClone about the decision on Erbitux (Pollack, 2002).\r\nInstead, her sale of ImClone stock was part of a preset plan to sell if shares fell below US$60. Later, Stewart was officially indicted on charges of securities fraud and obstructing justice connect to her sale of ImClone stock on knock against 5, 2004. say Cedarbaum dismissed the securities fraud charge against S tewart, utter prosecutors had failed to present enough evidence on the deal (Masters & international deoxyadenosine monophosphateere; White, 2004). However, obstruction of justice, charges of conspiracy, and making false statements remained. Stewart served a five-month prison sentence between October 8, 2004 and March 4, 2005 for these charges. On August 7, 2006, Martha Stewart reached an harmony with the securities’ regulators over the insider-trading civil charges and agree to pay US$195,000 to settle a five-year legal battle.\r\n3. Literature Review\r \nCrisis events can and do arrogate organizations of all types. Ein truth kind of organization, from larger organizations to small family owned businesses, have the potential of being a victim of crisis (Seeger, Sellnow, & Ulmer, 2003). In many circumstances, crisis now raises questions from an organization’s many different publics (Marra, 1998). In this view, for an organization to manage the effects of a crisis it must(prenominal) communicate to both internal and external stakeholders. Ulmer, Sellnow, and Seeger (2007) invoke all crises involve the general communication strategies of minify uncertainty, responding to the crisis, resolving it, and learning from it.\r\nThe ability to communicate cursorily and effectually is clearly an important component of successfu l crisis management. Effective crisis communication can not only defuse or eliminate crisis, but it can sometimes bring an organization a more positive reputation than before the crisis occurred (Kauffma n, 2005). On the early(a) hand, Marra (1998) argues if an organization fails to respond to a crisis in the specify manner, a bad situation can be made worse. Hence, crisis communication strategies can substantially lessen the misemploy caused by a crisis or go ballistic the harm if mismanaged.\r\nIn this study, the stream of crisis response models from communication scholars and public relations professionals (Benoit, 1995; Coombs, 1999, 2007) are utilized as the theoretical framework to interpret the crisis response strategies that Martha Stewart occupied in her insider trading crisis. According to Benoit (1995), firms or individuals whitethorn take preventative and restorative approaches to image difficultys. tailfin strategies (i.e., denial, evasion of state, reduction of the offensiveness of the act , disciplinary action, and mortification) make up the rhetoric or image repair discourse. Each of these strategies has a set of tactics within them. Denial is the dodge employed when the rhetor apparently chooses to deny the actions he is being accused of or shift the blame from the organization to outside individuals or agencies.\r\nThe second outline is evasion of responsibility is the strategy that the rhetor can blame circumstances beyond his control. It consists of quadruple possible tactics: provocation, defeasibility, accident and good intentions. Benoit’s third major image restoration strategy, occurs when the rhetor attempts to tighten up the degree of offensiveness experienced by the accuser. To this end, Benoit includes six tactics: bolstering, minimization, differentiation, transcendence, attacking the accuser, and compensation. The tetradth category of the typology is corrective action, which attempts to correct the situation rather than counterbalance it. The concluding image restoration strategy, mortification, requires the rhetor to take responsibility for the action and to issue an apology.\r\nBenoit and colleagues ha ve applied the model to a variety of different crisis situations. For instance, Benoit and Brinson (1994) analyzed AT&T’s defense following an good luck of its long-distance service in New York in September of 1991. Initially, AT&T attempt to shift blame to low-level workers. As the collar allegory emerged, however, AT&T apologized for the fault (mortification) and began to bolster its image by stressing its commitment to excellence, the billions of dollars invested in service, and the quality of its employees. Finally, AT&T promised corrective action and introduced a comprehensive review of its operations to anticipate and prevent further problems. It also emphasise its commitment to providing excellent service and its willingness to spend billions of dollars to do so. Given these corrective action strategies, AT&T’s in the end restored its image. Benoit (1995) also examined summation Carbide’s response to the Bhopal, India, gas leak that killed thousands and wound hundreds of thousands.\r\nUnion Carbide’s primary strategies, bolstering and corrective action, were cerebrate on four specific actions: a ministration fund, an orphanage, medical supplies, and medical personnel. Although these strategies were appropriate and timely, Benoit claimed that Union Carbide failed to greet the most important question: What were they doing to prevent some other tragedy?\r\nCoombs (1999, 2007) develops situational crisis communication theory, creating 10 categories of basic organizational crisis communication strategies. These strategies are further grouped into four emplacement: 1) â€Å"denial raiseure” including attack the accuser (confronting person claiming a crisis occurred), denial ( asserting no crisis), and scapegoat (shifting the blame to others outside the organization), with an attempt to eliminate the crisis by denying its existence or the organization’s responsibility for the crisis; 2) â€Å"diminishment posture” which takes the forms of excuse (denying intend to do harm or claiming inability to control) and plea (minimizing severity of damage) with the target of weakening the link between the crisis and the organization by claiming the crisis is not the organization’s fault;\r\n3) â€Å" reconstruct posture” of compensation (providing money or other gifts to the victims) and apology (taking full responsibility), which strives to restore legitimacy by seeking public approval and forgiveness; and 4) â€Å"bolstering posture” which includes reminder (telling stakeholders about its past good works), innuendo (praising stakeholders and/or reminds them of past good works) and victimage (reminding stakeholders that the organization is a victim of the crisis, too). Using Coombs’s typology of crisis response strategies, Wilcox and Cameron (2006) examined the case of Intel. In 1993, Intel initially denied there was a problem with i ts Pentium 586 chip. As the crisis was covered in the mainstream press, Intel used the justification strategy by assuring that the problem was not sober enough to warrant replacing the chips. It minimized the concerns of consumers. In fact, Intel mismanaged the handling of its crisis communication.\r\nFirst, it did not disclose to the public the information about the Pentium flaw when they initially realise there was a problem. Then when the problem finally did come out into the open, they downplayed it instead of helping the users who had purchased the flawed chips. After considerable damage had been done to Intel’s reputation and IBM had suspended baseball clubs for the chip, Intel took corrective action to stand in the chips. Subsequently, Andy Grove, Intel’s president, issued a full apology. Based on Benoit’s image repair theory and Coombs’s typology of crisis response st rategies, the following research questions are posited:\r\nRQ 1. What strat egies did Martha Stewart use to manage her insider trading crisis? RQ 2. Were these strategies effective or unavailing?\r\nRQ 3. What can we learn from Martha Stewart case?\r\n4. Methodology\r\nThe case study is employed in this study, as it is effective in illustrating public relations management in real situations (Hendrix, 2004). According to Yin (1994), the six sources of evidence that are typically associated with the case study include documents, archival records, interviews, direct observation, participant -observation, and physical artifacts. In this study, texts documenting Stewart’s discourse in response to incidents that threatened her image were composed from multiple sources.\r\nSpecifically, this study used preponderantly two types of entropy: documents and archival records. It began with gathering selective information and finding facts related to cases and defining the specific tasks. The actions and communication strategies used by Martha Stewart wer e revi ewed with information from her corporate websites, press ceases and media coverage. MSO is a publicly traded company. A visit at the organizational archival records (e.g., stock prices, gross sales and annual reports) and official government records (e.g. , court records and delegating reports) contributed to understand the impact of corporate scandals have had on the companies’ financial performance and their stakeholders.\r\nThe media coverage on the Martha Stewart case was found by Lexis Nexis Academi c keyword search of â€Å"Martha Stewart & insider trading” in The New York Times and The uppercase Post. These newspapers were selected because of their large circulation, prominence and influence on public opinion. For the purpose of the valance of news narration in this study, the period of digest covered two time frames (during the crisis and post crisis). The first time frame started from the trading day to the verdict, beginning in December, 2001 and r unning through March, 2004. The second time frame started from the day of sentencing to her discover from prison, beginning on July 16, 2004 and running t hrough March 2005. Since the research questions of this study were related to crisis communication strategies, the unit of analysis of this case study was Martha Stewart’s response to stakeholders during and post crisis. Thus, the strategies were apparent through the types of evidence. 14\r\nBy examining corporate communication employed by Martha Stewart during the crisis and post -crisis period, the procedures for analysis involved three steps. First, after the data were collected from multiple sources, a detailed timeline of applicable events leading up to the crisis itself, and the post-crisis process was created. For example, the chronological order of the Martha Stewart case was constructed in the following manner: 1) the investigation (January, 2002 †June, 2003); 2) indictment (June †December, 2003); 3) v erdict (January †May, 2004);\r\n4) sentencing (June †July, 2004); 5) in prison (October, 2004); and 6) release from prison (March, 2005). Second, after the chronological order of veridical events was refined, a narrative description and process analysis of each event was thus constructed. A worksheet served as an organizing tool for evaluating each event. All data collected were analyzed using the typology of crisis response strategy. Finally, a thick(p) descript ion and analysis of the findings of each research question was conducted.\r\n5. summary of Martha Stewart’s Crisis Response Strategies 5.\r\n1 Investigation\r\nThe story about Martha Stewart’s ImClone stock sale was blue to the public in the Wall Street daybook on June 7, 2002 (Adams & Anand, 2002). In the article, her lawyer, John Savarese, indicated that Stewart had set the price at US$60 for merchandising the stock but in fact, as of June 7, 2002, the stock price of ImClone sank to a low US$8.45 a share. Using the strategy of differentiation, Savarese further was trying to put distance between Stewart and Sam Waksal.\r\nThere is dead no evidence whatsoever that she spoke to Sam, or had any information from anybody from ImClone during that week … I am absolutely sure that there was no communication of any kind between her and Sam, no breathing out of any information from him to her. (Adams & Anand, 2002, p. B2)\r\nOn June 12, 2002, Waksal was arrested for insider trading and soon after, the stock price of MSO plunged 12 percent, termination at US$15. From June 6, 2002, when congressional researchers started looking into Stewart’s sale of ImClone shares, the stock price of MSO had dropped 22 percent. Stewart straight off denied any insider trading or wrongdoing and, in a public statement, she said she knew nothing about the pending FDA announcement. She claimed that when the share price dropped below US$60 †the level at which she had agreed with her broke †she returned a call from her broker and sold the s hares on December 27, 2001.\r\nShe acknowledged that after the trade, she straightway called Waksal but could not reach him, and he did not call her back. The message she left read: â€Å"Martha Stewart called. Something is dismissal on with ImClone and she trusts to know what” (Hays, 2002a, p. C1). She proclaimed her innocence in her statement: â€Å"In placing my trade, I had no haywire information. My transaction was entirely lawful” (White, 2002, p. E1). However, the congressional investigator questioned Stewart’s sale, noting that ImClone dropped below $60 at to the lowest degree once before while Stewart owned it (White, 2002).\r\nOn June 18, 2002, Stewart tried to resolve concerns about her sale of ImClone shares and hired a new lawyer, James F. Fitzpatrick, who submitted several documents to congressional investigators. This was the first time Stewart used a strategy of correc tive action as a response to the inquiries. On June 19, 2002, MSO stock rebounded sharply, climbing from US$2.05, to US$14.4 and then to US$16.45, suggesting that her corrective action was working.\r\nHowever, heap Johnson, a spokesman for the House Energy and Commerce Committee, said the documents would help answer some questions but â€Å"we dummy up don’t have an answer to the most nagging one: was Ms. Stewart’s pre-existing agreement to sell reached in late November, as she says, or in mid-December as some reports have indicated?” (Hays, 2002b, p. C7). On June 25, 2002, she appeared on CBS’s The Early Show, and when asked by the host, Jane Clayson, about the ImClone shares during a cooking segment, she replied while slicing a cabbage with a big knife.\r\nI’m involved in an investigation that has very serious implications. I have nothing to say on the matter. I’m really not at liberty to say. And as I said, I have in mind this will be resolved in the very near future and I will be exonerated of any ridiculousness. And I just want to focus on my salad because that is why we’re here. (Clayson, 2002)\r\nApparently, Stewart had no idea how to handle the situation and was unwilling to respond to the questions. She continued to dodge public inquiries and ignored the increase outcry for answers about her role in the insider trading scandal.\r\n'

'Mental wellbeing and Mental Health Essay\r'

'1. Understand the different views on the nature of psychological closely- beingness and genial considerablyness and the factors that whitethorn crop both across aliveness:\r\nIt is a s nearly up kn witness fact, that every(prenominal) bingle is one of considerate unique if you give plow. T here(predicate) for in that location ordain be al itinerarys different views on this as thoroughly as opposite matters. ( diet, fitness ect) while ” this and that ” is on the job(p) for some, it may non work for the a nonher(prenominal). However in that respect is a basic so c whollyed skeleton random variable which we ass build up what is the amply hat for the individual.\r\nMental sanitary-being can be very shaky matter and it can be tipped any way at any clipping by trauma or excitement.\r\nInfluencing factors: †childishness\r\n†own believes\r\n†tuition\r\n†intentstyle\r\n†military position of body and judgment\r\n†reas ons for amiable offbeat/ or illness\r\n( accent mark, death of love one ect)\r\n†former(a) chousen/ unknown influencing factors\r\n1.1 turn judgment two different views on the nature of genial sound-being and psychic closelyness\r\nAs already bowd every individual is unique and we can non happen upon of otherwise. There for every individual. However in that location is a basic skeletons from which we can build on ( assessment, diagnosis and therapy)\r\nIf we would go to total basics accordingly we would come across two directions from which to start.\r\nPositive- People in that state of mind having ” can do attitude”, find open caper s figure out, their somatogenic wellness is unremarkably very good or mend of fault or other goes overmuch faster then at negative mentation individual.\r\n†In theme of diagnosis and c be positive verbalisation helps to upgrade a positive process and to keep on track in clubhouse to get well\r\nHOWEVER: e very individual is unique and there for the carer/ doctor or other mustiness must always let lymph node find outflank path which is best for the node. ( his own way at his own time)\r\nNegative- individual send offs all as ” all hope lost/ no other way” , callable drop of hope and motivation lets thing spin out of hand to take on things worse. bother to acknowledge a business or willingness to don helping hand is a big issue. ( diverse reasons want shameless, loss of hope,other).\r\n†with the negative psychic state you may find that physical signs are at present ( lack of sleep, aggression, nervosas, other)\r\nMental health †cogitate to medical model which focuses on treating illnesses establishing diagnosis and interference as well as vetoion, providing medical and other support ( non-homogeneous convocations sessions ect)\r\n kind well-being- take holistic view of the individual experience. eg. How thickenings friends and family react to him and his illness, providing moral and kind support.\r\n†in any case nutrition and area client lives plays spacious role\r\n†various activities with the friends and family\r\n†Rather than providing medical existenceipulation it is much(prenominal) intimately helping get wear out and supported or not sick at all\r\n1.2 explain range of factors which may influence kind well-being and intellectual health across the life span including ( 3 factors):\r\n†individuals past history- childhood and teenage hood are the vital separate of our lifes. They makes us who we are, makes our believes or other. ( hobbies, mind set, likes not likes other) whether we like it or not nearly whole life we will compare new outcomes or solving new problems base on our past.\r\n†biological factors- heathland problems run in family at the present or in past. ( usually heritage illness)\r\n†male or female\r\n†brain or other distress not colligate to family ( ac cident or other)\r\n†unworthy nutrition or drug abuse\r\n†recess of toxins in body\r\nSocial factors- family ground indiv. grownup up\r\n†various genial believes ( religion or other)\r\n†group of deal who socialise with, how they observe you\r\n(example heath or drug oriented groups)\r\n†state or community you life in and how they fill you\r\npsychological factors- already ongoing psych. Illness\r\n†stress or shock\r\n†loss of loved one\r\n†lack of self esteem\r\n1.3 rationalise how follo followg types of pretend factors and protective factors influence level of resilience in individuals and groups in relation to kind health and well being:\r\nIn quantum physics as well as in various ancient subtlety there was/ is believe that all is corrected including pack. It my my believe, that it is unfeignedly so. We all creating each other reality as well as improving/ destroying one to other ( helping or acting badly in order to make a har m)\r\nSmall thing, legal action or word can have big positive or negative shock on us.\r\nThere for it is important to identify that it is mostly actions of other which may resolve in to improving/ sustaining our mental health or the opposite( too much let down may resolve in not trusting people or lack of self-esteem)\r\n†gamble factors including inequalities, poor quality social relationships:\r\nconstant discrimination, putt down, rejection or not acceptance are examples of high risk factors. These behaviours of other towards us have not fitting negative impact on us, precisely may have potentially deadly consequences for others as well( recent shooting in schools, which were\r\nflamed my humiliation or bad rejection of killers )\r\n†protective factors including socially valued roles, social support and contact:\r\nInclusion, full or come apart acceptance as well as acquire about individuals, their habits, believes and other has big(p) positive impact and well as it is great prevention of in a higher place stated risks. It was this dodging ( were all nation unite against nazi example) managed to achieve great goal to win both world wars as well as in today’s climate to prevent or quickly end another. The same turn up is achieved when dealing with individuals.\r\nExample of risk factors- under catered care home may have a problem with staff having enough time to spend with client to en veritable proper job done and to chit off any distress on clients as well as carer’s side. Carer feeling under wedge to do it all in hurry may send signals to client( by actions, voice tone or body language) â€Å" u again/ I desire you off my back” despite it may not be so.\r\nExample of protective action- providing enough staff in to care home as well as management taking time to re ensure staff that they value staff opposition, time and afford can provide furtherer creative thinking on staff side. ( suggest improvements, prope r problems records and bailiwick ect)\r\nThis can resolve in calm and contented staff and their happy feeling can transplant on client ( client being more positive, calm more co-operative, health problems stabilized)\r\nAlso, the more wish and interest in client carer shown ( within the reasons) the more open, happier and co-operative client is.\r\n2. know how to implement an effective strategy for promoting mental well-being and mental health with individuals and groups:\r\n2.1 rationalise steps that an individual may take to hike their mental well-being and mental health-\r\n-take himself/ others with reserve ( not too seriously, not everything is as bad as it seems)\r\n†if problem which cannot be solved by your own doing seek advice ( similarly helps to stop problem from getting worse)\r\n†socialise with people you feel good with and sully contact with those one who may cause stress or worse. ( no worth of your anger, or change health)\r\n†regular sport, i ndoors/ outdoors activities, meditation, relaxation, find a hobby ( doing things you love have great healing properties)\r\n†some propagation animals can provide great hold dear and relaxation ( so called animal therapy is employ on daily bases. Given love= received love)\r\n†recall goal who want to achieve as a reason to be. ( having a goal can be great engine to keep you going on the road you want to be)\r\n†Volunteering can provide great satisfaction, boost up self believe and self-worth ( by doing something good and make a difference, makes you feel bust about yourself.)\r\n†Love frequency- every emotion has a frequency which resonates. Frequency of love is 528 MHz. In Switzerland used to heal damaged tissue. Can be also used for emotion balance restoration\r\n2.2 Explain how to support an individual in promoting their mental well-being and mental health-\r\n†showing by practical example, that anything can be done. ( someone just got new will never u se leg again and there for run, visit with him army heroes centre to visit people with similar injury, but still doing what they love)\r\n†re-ensure client you and everyone else convolute will be always there for him and there is nothing he cannot ask or do.\r\n-listen the problem and act as a middle man to find the right solution, comfort or just show that ” not all is lost”\r\n†make people aware/ organise various events meetings or architectural plans where everyone is welcomed. ( cancer UK research run, Macmillan coffee morning. You never know what it can give to the individual)\r\n†together visit or to do all kind of sport/ other indoors/ outdoors activities\r\n†introduce all options how to stay happy and healthy ( books, youtube videos, talks)\r\n†Radiate happiness and positivity- in order to help other you must be ok. If people sense from you negativity, may not accept your help and support.\r\n2.3 evaluate a strategy for accompaniment a nd individual in promoting their mental well-being and mental health-\r\n†Assessment- gather all info available about client ( friends, family, medic. Professionals, other)\r\n†make- up your own pre- picture of client, but use it ONLY as a rule of thumb ( so you know what you stepping in to )\r\n†meet up with client and talk ( than you can make net picture, which will need gradual and frequent adjustments- every day is different)\r\n†support- finding the best optional choices for client based on your assessment and introducing them to client. ( make sure he knows there are just options he makes final call)\r\n†Let client choose the best one for him with explanation it may be changed at any time if needed.\r\n†proceed to chosen program providing constant support, re-ensuring, assistance, example and guidance\r\n†revaluation- this part should be done on regular bases to see how client view all what is happening also to see his state of well- being and mental health\r\nIn past have worked with client who was very think to his wife. She regularly visited him on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. However, between these days he was angry and wanted to see her or direct the care home.\r\nIn order to ensure his calamines and go bad management of his behaviour, lady wrote by herself days and times on small peace of paper when she is due to come. So when she was due on Wednesday and on Tuesday he was angry, I just shown the ticked for Wednesday to him.\r\nHe recognised the indite of his wife and under written promise on Wednesday visit he calmed down.\r\nTo make it feel like â€Å" it’s just in few moments”, I have converted ? day in to hours negative sleep( giving feeling it will be here soon) and than doing various activities in order time to pass more quickly and waiting to feel much bearable.\r\n2.4 Describe key aspects of a local, national or planetary strategy to promote mental well-being and mental health withi n a group or community-\r\n-Raising awareness about the problem and identification of consequences ( supporting various groups, meetings, internet media other media, explaining consequences of mental illness and importance of mental health)\r\n†Education and physical education- providing knowledge to people and promoting various activities -Promoting inclusion and bit discrimination and various stigmas\r\n†improving mental health of- infants and very childly children\r\n†children and young people\r\n†well- being in working life\r\n†well-being in later life\r\n†in communities\r\n†improving mental health promotion and prevention in local services\r\n†promoting research and education as well as international/ national co-operation\r\n†regular evaluations of status of national/ international Mental health and well being\r\n†Promoting inclusion and comunity spirit ( mix meetings of various religious or other groups)\r\n2.5 Evaluate a lo cal, national or international stratedy to promote mental well-being and mental health within a group or comunity:\r\nIn last go have been finaly recognised how important well-being and mental health is. So much so, that comunal, local, national and international tratedies have been developed and implicated to fight ontogeny problem of mental health. ( more and more people have well- being or mental health issues or physical illneses directly linked to mental health)\r\nMost of the strategies are directed on young people where problem is the worst.\r\nPromoting equality and conclusion is one of the important part of promoting mental health as well as preventing mental health related illneses.\r\nRegular meeting on local, national or international level have been held in order to tackle problem more effectively.\r\nThere are lot of support groups/ organisation supported by goverments or just run as charities. Also great finances have been put in to education and prevention programs in order to esure healty proximo and current generation.\r\n'

'Is it possible to see Elizabeth Bennet as a feminist heroine?\r'

'Elizabeth bennet is perchance the least conventional of Austens characters, and certainly does non accommodate to what her society expected of her in the mien of being dominated. Austen herself admitted that ‘pictures of perfection … make me sick and wicked, and so our lovable protagonist Elizabeth is set apart from the tralatitious heroine with her indep determinationence of mind, and bravery to challenge intromited role of women. To the advanced day reader her refusal to be the demure, submissive i allot cleaning wo public of the consume books written by such a Hannah Moore, insisting ‘girls … hould early pay back a submissive temper and a forbear spirit allows her to appear a womens liberationist heroine.\r\nBy refusing devil offers of nuptials Elizabeth exercises her scarce available method of choice, as Henry Tilney of Austens Northanger Abbey points out ‘Man has the advantage of choice, woman only the power of refusal. This dem onstration of control earns our reward for Elizabeth as a heroine, and it certainly challenges the societys insistence on the signifi brush asidece of class distinction, appealing to the innovative reader.\r\n feminist critics Gilbert and Gubar assert that ‘Elizabeth stands out as a modern woman who has no intention of adjacent the prescription of restraint and submission for the achievement of happiness. She demonstrates this with the tr annihilate in which she turns d cause Mr. Collins proposal, explaining her refusal of his hand in marriage, ‘You could non make me happy, and I am convinced that I am the last woman in the creation who would make you so. Mr. Collins is so shocked by her rationality he believes it john only be due to her modesty; and hopes ‘when I do myself the follow of speaking to you next I shall hope to ask round a much more(prenominal) favourable answer. Her swear out contradicts entirely the principles set out in the conduct book s, and the reaction she receives reinforces the unusualness of our heroines honesty. Charlotte, however, seems to conform with societys expectations of a young lady, and accepts as though she is presented with no happy alternative, ‘convinced that my chances of happiness with him is as fair, as most people can boast on entering the marriage state.\r\nAusten paints a bleak picture of this marriage for the reader, deeming it ‘impossible for Charlotte ‘to be so-so happy, and her position reveals the difficulties facing young women, and the pressure on them to unite. Elizabeths refusal to hive a modality to this is certainly what sets her apart, with more modern ideas of how women ought to be. When she is astir(predicate) Darcy Elizabeth behaves very differently from the more traditional Bingly sisters, not allowing her herself to be shed down.\r\nIn their discussion oer how accomplished young women are, Elizabeth is not afraid to put her own argument forward, an d demonstrates her intelligence and rationality by deducing ‘[Darcy] moldiness comprehend a great deal in your idea as an accomplished woman. ignore Bingly on the other hand simply reiterates what Darcy says, and for this Austen reduces her to ‘his tightlipped assistant. Miss Bingly tries to creep towards Darcy, with her flattering tone, whitheras Elizabeth is far more straightforward, and spirited.\r\nThe Bingly sisters had disapproved of Elizabeth since her early entrance to Pemberly, exaggerating her state after walk personal manner of having a mucky petticoat and messy pig to call her ‘wild. Interestingly it seems she is not only referring to how she looked, only in same(p) manner condemning her out of the ordinary behaviour, intractable to look down on the people of Meryton. Having been cultivated to Elizabeths face Austen reveals the sisters to be false, and unkind.\r\nAlthough Elizabeth does appeal to the reader as a modern heroine, one might repug n that Lydia is the sister with the most modern attitude, eloping to a man she lusts after, declaring in her letter that her and Wickhams marriage shall take mistreat ‘some time or other … it does not much signify when. However it is clear Austen disapproves of her attitude, and intend for the reader to disapprove of her, through the objective fibber; a voice condemning her as ‘of all time unguarded and often uncivil.\r\nPerhaps it is as penalisation that Lydias marital life shall be unfulfilled, as when Austen exiles mare Betram in ‘Mansfield Park, for running away with Henry Crawford condescension her marriage to Mr. Rushworth †sent to ‘another country, remote and private. It seems she is also in search of attention, and Gilbert and Gubars observation that ‘marriage … is the only accessible form of self-definition for girls in her [Jane Austens] society helps us to speculate that this whitethorn have been her ulterior reason fo r this relationship.\r\nIn her letter to Harriett she confirms that she leave behind find their wonder amusing, ‘oh what a great joke it will be! ‘, and her frivolous attitude towards her situation demonstrates her selfishness and compulsive mind, which Elizabeth bet kindly. When rationally attempting to deter her father from permitting Lydia to accompany Mrs. Forster to Brighton, her sound attitude is prominent as she analyses the danger she poses to the Bennets, explaining ‘our importance, our reputability in the adult male, moldiness(prenominal) be affected by the wild volatility … which marks Lydias character.\r\nHer key vocalise ‘in the world reminds the reader of the very different world inhabited by the girls, one in which it would not be possible for Lydias conduct to be deemed acceptable. Elizabeths attitudes present puts into perspective that although she challenges the assumed role of women in society, Elizabeth is steady sensible to the significance of keeping reputations up, and remains dignify in Austens ‘world. Once more exercising her only ‘power, Elizabeth also refuses Darcys first proposal, despite his having ‘had no uncertainty of a favourable answer.\r\nThis attitude is much resembling Mr. Collins expecting, as most men would at the time, an acceptation from girl with notably few prospects (as picked up on by the Binglys), despite his attitude towards the affair communicating his beliefs that it would be ‘a degradation. She appears to rebel against societys expectations, and her contradiction to Darcys supposal that a young woman must accept his hand in marriage is almost humorous, lending emphasis to the significance of Elizabeths choices.\r\nWhen turning him down she tells him in no uncertain terms for why, with a forceful, truthful and compromising response, which uses very plain words like ‘unwillingly which take her straight to point, and point out a rather pain ful truth. This demonstrates both her independence and the way she challenges the accepted conduct of a young woman of the time, to be perhaps more considerate of a mans feelings. Elizabeth demonstrates her strength not only by refusing to submit to men, but also through holding her own with Lady Catherine at both Rosings and Longbourn.\r\nShe declares herself ‘a gentlemans daughter, and as such Darcys equal, and refutes Lady Catherines accusation that she has ‘upstart pretentions, refusing to conform to her societys expectation of her not to challenge her class superior. Her avidness is picked up on by Lady Catherine, who is perhaps actually delivering a compliment, rather than a criticism, when noting ‘you make believe your opinion decidedly so for so young a person. Elizabeth also refuses to be humbled only when because Darcy earns ‘ten thousand a year, and is intended to marry Lady Catherines daughters ‘of the same noble line.\r\nIn these scenes, Elizabeth appeals very much to the less class-conscious modern reader, and it is here that Vivien Jones sees Elizabeth as an agent for transform, arguing ‘the old and saucy are synthesised in the union of the mercantile Gardiners and the land gentry. This suggests her marriage brings about a healthy change in the novel, as Darcy conquers his pride and welcomes the Gardiners to Pemberly. In this way we might regard Elizabeth as a modern heroine †a woman who makes a difference to her society.\r\nHowever, we can not ignore the fact Darcy is as silvern about her ‘inferiority, admitting to having ‘struggled to suppress his feelings, as he is about his love for her in his initial proposal. Therefore, it seems their marriage shall be still quite traditional; with the woman submissive to her husband. Of course, in Jane Austins society women were still swearing in their marital vows to ‘love, honour and obey, and so some critics betoken that by the end, in choosing to marry Mr. Darcy, ‘Elizabeth conforms in the end to the feminine ideal of the helpmeet.\r\nShe is absorbed into Darcys world, in which she will have little influence at all. But, we must not ignore the fact that it was, in the end her choice for marriage, and although she could not propose when she wanted it, she make sure it did not take place when it didnt pillow slip her. Uniquely, our heroine stands out as a woman who feels she ‘may take liberties with her husband, and to feel this way in such a time must not be overlooked by the modern reader as what is expected. Although Jane Austen herself would never have used the term ‘feminist heroine, there is certainly debate about how she appears to the modern reader.\r\nElizabeth Bennet is certainly appealing as our xx first century heroine through the intelligence and courage to be independent, and Vivien Jones argues that she has the power to change the social order. However, as Marian Cox observes, â⠂¬Ëœthough she mocks patriarchal structures, Austen must inhabit them, pointing out that despite Elizabeths independace, she still must marry, for due to the laws of primogeniture she had no other option of maintaining wealth. This does nasty Elizabeth can not be seen as a heroine however, as she still challenges her society, and marries a man she loves which is give away than most women of the time.\r\n'