Veer Savarkar free essay sample

Introduction Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, commonly know as Swantantryaveer Savarkar was a fearless freedom fighter, social reformer, writer dramatist, poet, historian, poltical leader and philosopher. He remains largely unknown to the masses because of the vicious propaganda against him and misunderstanding around him that has been created over several decades. Veer Savarkar was born on the 28th of May 1883 in a village called Bhagoor near Nasik in Maharashtra. His full name is Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. He was one among four children born to Damodarpant Savarkar and Radhabbai. His parents were from a middle class background. His Mother was a religious lady and was extremely kind and honest. His father was known for his wide knowledge. Vinayak was brought up with great love and care. Due to the religious environment at home, Vinayak got a lot of opportunities to regularly listen to the chapters from Ramayan and Gita. This had a deep impact on his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Veer Savarkar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Early Life Veer Savarkar studied at a school in the Village. Vinayak started demonstrating his great intellect in the school. Gradually, he started getting counted among the good students of the class. All the teachers started liking Vinayak. Vinayak was talented in poetry writing. At the age of 10, his first poem was published in a popular Marathi paper. Seeing these qualities in Vinayak, the parents felt proud. Vinayak lost his mother at the age of 10. His father never let him felt the absence of his mother. His father cared for him like his mother did as well as like his father did. After primary education Vinayak was sent to Shivaji School, Nasik. Vianayk’s passion started developing passionately while he studied at Nasik. He studied with great concentration. At Nasik he started writing patriotic poems. Poetry written by him began to get published in newsletters and papers. In this manner, Vinayak tried to arouse feelings of patriotism in the people through the medium of poems. With the help of his classmates and friends he started an organisation called Mitra Mela. With the help of this organization, feeling of armed revolution was inculcated in the youth of the country through organization of programmes such as Shivaji Utsav and Ganesh Utsav which was started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Savarkar considered Tilak has his Guru. These occasions were used to put up plays on Nationalistics themes. In 1897, a terrible pleague spread across Pune. Many families died due to the plague. Vianayak was only 14 years of age. Savarkar lost his father during the plague of 1898. He saw that the people of the country were suffering and the British Government was relaxing. The government wasn’t taking any steps to either control or save people from the spread of the plague. In the year 1901, when the mourning sessions were held for the demise of Queen Victoria of Britian, Vinayak called meetings of the Mitra Mela and opposed the mourning session. In the meeting Vinayak clearly stted â€Å"The Queen of Britain is the Queen of our enemies. Why should we mourn her death? If we mourn the death of a Queen who has tied us up in chains of servitude then this shall been seen as a sign of our slave mentality†. After this opposition a feeling of respect towards Vinayak arose among people. In the year 1901, Vinayak passed his matrix exam and got married in the month of March to Yamunnabai. In the year 1902, Vinayak joined Fergusson College in Pune. On the strength of his ability to congregate students and due to his influence of his writing, Vinayak soon became popular among students and teachers. Armed Revolution Abhinav Bharat Oath In the name of God, In the name of Bharat Mata, In the name of all the Martyrs that have shed their blood for Bharat Mata, By the Love, innate in all men and women, that I bear to the land of my birth, wherein the sacred ashes of my forefathers, and which is the cradle of my children, By the tears of Hindi Mothers for their children whom the Foreigner has enslaved, imprisoned, tortured, and killed, I, †¦ Convinced that without Absolute Political Independence or Swarajya my country can never rise to the exalted position among the nations of the earth which is Her due, And Convinced also that that Swarajya can never be attained except by the waging of a bloody and relentless war against the Foreigner, Solemnly and sincerely Swear that I shall from this moment do everything in my power to fight for Independence and place the Lotus Crown of Swaraj on the head of my Mother; And with this object, I join the Abhinav Bharat, the revolutionary Society of all Hindustan, and swear that I shall ever be true and faithful to this my solemn Oath, and that I shall obey the orders of this body; If I betray the whole or any part of this solemn Oath, or if I betray this body or any other body working with a similar object, May I be doomed to the fate of a perjurer! In Pune, Savarkar founded the â€Å"Abhinav Bharat Society†. He was also involved in the Swadeshi movement and later joined Tilak’s Swaraj Party. His instigating patriotic speeches and activities incensed the British Government. As a result the British Government withdrew his B. A. degree. London In 1906, Savarkar went to London to become a Barrister. Once he landed in London, he united and inflamed the Indian students in England against British rule in India. He founded the Free India Society. The Society celebrated important dates on the Indian calendar including festivals, freedom movement landmarks, and was dedicated to furthering discussion about Indian freedom. He believed and advocated the use of arms to free India from the British and created a network of Indians in England, equipped with weapons. Savarkar played a significant role in putting forth the case for India’s independence on the international scene. He fearlessly went to the enemy camp and carried out his revolutionary activities in the heart of the British Empire. Barrister Sardarsingh Rana had announced three traveling fellowships of Rs. 2000 each. These fellowships were named after Maharana Pratap, Chhatrapati Shivaji and Akbar. Savarkar received the Shivaji fellowship on the recommendation of Lokmanya Tilak and Kaal editor Shivrampant Paranjpe. As had been decided, Tilak paid the first installment of Rs. 400. Savarkar was to initially leave India on 26 May 1907. However, this plan changed. Finally, on 09 June 1909, Savarkar embarked on S. S. Persia and reached London on 24 June 1909. Savarkar came to London with the following aims in mind: 1. To observe at first hand, the strengths of the British people which enabled them to rule over India and also to note their weaknesses and to think of ways of using them to achieve India’s freedom. 2. To meet students from all parts of India. Such meetings were much more easier in London than in India. People back home looked to these men with admiration and expected direction and leadership from them. According to report ‘Indian Students in U. K. ’ compiled by Secretary of State for India in 1907 there were some 700 of them in U. K at that time. 3. To kindle the spirit of fighting among these youth for Indian independence. 4. To meet professionals, Rajahs, merchants and rich people, who came to London and possibly, also visited Europe. Savarkar sought their assistance in the freedom struggle too. 5. To establish contacts with revolutionaries of other countries like Russia, China, Ireland, Turkey, Egypt and Iran. He wanted to learn the art of making bombs from them, and put that knowledge and friendship into use for concerted attempts to overthrow the British rule. He also wanted to smuggle pistols and ammunition into India. Savarkar carried out the following activities in London: 1. He started regular Sunday meetings to discuss various topics related to Indias future. These soon became popular among Indian students. Revolutionaries from other countries such as Egypt, Ireland, Russia, China and Turkey used to attend. Lenin was one of them. One of the topics of discussion was Future constitution of India. These meetings were intended to increase ones knowledge of all current affairs. Savarkar was able to maintain this tradition even in the Cellular Jail in the Andaman Islands. 2. Savarkar organized the days of the remembrance of national heroes such as Shivjayanti (birthday of Chhatrapati Shivaji) and celebrations of festivals like Diwali and Dassara. He also celebrated the golden jubilee of the 1857 War of Independence against the British in India House. 3. Savarkar had started his secret revolutionary society called the Abhinav Bharat(similar to Young Italy of Mazzini) in India in 1905. Savarkar carried on the activities of the Abhinav Bharat while in London. Copies of bomb manual were printed in India House in London. One copy reached Lokmanya Tilak in Pune. 4. Savarkar completed his biography of Mazzini in Marathi in September 1906. His elder brother Babarao published it in India in June 1907. A year later, the British proscribed the book. He wrote his famous book Indian War of Independence 1857 in Marathi. His friends in India House translated it into English. It was published secretly in Holland in 1909 and immediately banned in India. Savarkars book served as a source of inspiration to Indian revolutionaries for next 40 years. Indian War of Independence British as well as Indian historians have described and dismissed the rising of 1857 as a ‘Sepoy Mutiny’ or at best ‘The Indian Mutiny’. Savarkar attempted to look at the Incidents of 1857 from the Indian point of view. He was attracted and inspired by the burning zeal, the heroism, bravery, suffering and tragic fate of the leaders of 1857, and he decided to re-interpret the story and to relate it in full with the help of all the material available to him at the time. He spent days and months at the India Office Library studying the period. Savarkar wrote this book originally in Marathi and completed writing it in 1908. In 1908, Savarkar brought out an authentic informative researched work on The Great Indian Revolt. The British government immediately enforced a ban on the publication in both Britain and India. As it was impossible to get this book published in India, the manuscript was returned back to Savarkar. Attempts to get this book published in Germany also failed. Some Indian students staying in India House translated this book into English. Finally, this work was published by Madame Bhikaiji Cama in Holland, in 1909. The book was called The Indian War of Independence 1857. The book was smuggled into India to reach revolutionaries working across the country against British rule. Cellular Jail/Letter from Anadaman In 1909, Madanlal Dhingra, a keen follower of Savarkar shot Sir Wyllie after a failed assassination attempt on the then Viceroy, Lord Curzon. Savarkar conspicuously did not condemn the act. When the then British Collector of Nasik, A. M. T. Jackson was shot by a youth, Veer Savarkar finally fell under the net of the British authorities. He was implicated in the murder citing his connections with India House. Savarkar was arrested in London on March 13, 1910 and sent to India. After a formal trial, Savarkar was charged with serious offences of illegal transportation of weapons, provocative speeches and sedition and was sentenced to 50 years of jail and deported to the Kalapani (Blackwaters) at Andaman cellular jail. While in the Cellular Jail, Andamans, Savarkar was allowed to write only one letter a year to his family members. As these letters were censored by the Jail authorities they are written in English. They are all addressed to his younger brother Narayanrao. The first letter is dated 15 Dec 1912, while the last letter is dated 06 Jul 1920. These letters are memorable. Hindutva Movement Essentials of Hindutva In 1920, many prominent freedom fighters including Vithalbhai Patel, Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak demanded the release of Savarkar. On May 2, 1921, Savarkar was moved to Ratnagiri jail, where he was kept for nearly two years. In 1923, Veer Savarkar wrote his seminal book Essentials of Hindutva in Ratnagiri Jail. Conditions were so bad at the Ratnagiri Jail that Savarkar records show that he considered committing suicide there, and from there he was sent to the Yeravada jail. On January 6, 1924 he was freed under the condition that he would not leave Ratnagiri district and abstain from political activity for the next five years. On his release, Veer Savarkar founded the Ratnagiri Hindu Sabha on January 23, 1924 that aimed to preserve Indias ancient culture and work for social welfare. Historic Statements This is a collection of the statements that Veer Savarkar made from time to time on political matters from 1942 onwards. They are of great historical interest and a student of the political history of this country must study them to understand the course of events that led to the achievement of independence and the growth of democracy in India. Many of these statements were published by him to explain the movements led by him and they have altered the course of events in this country. Savarkar came on the political scene when India needed him most. He had to fight against odds as contradictory political theories held the field. He advocated industrialization when the spinning wheel was believed to possess magic power of making the nation great. When some leaders talked of socialism he advocated co-ordination of class interests. He pointed out that prince factory-owner and industrialist could be just as patriotic as those who preached socialism He had the Hindu Mahasabha when to be a Hindu-Sanghatnist was not a paying concern and when all the avenues to power, pelf and popularity led elsewhere. To call oneself a Hindu was to be obstracized by one’s own kith and kin for no other fault than of daring to love and defend the Hindu cause and Hindu honor. He advocated militarization when some leaders in all sincerity pleaded that ‘India did not need an army, navy or air force and no nation in the world would invade her and if some armed nation did invade her they could be easily persuaded to fall back as soon as they were confronted by an unarmed army of desh-sevikas singing to the tune of the spinning wheel and appealing to the conscience of the invading forces. ’ Savarkar urged the Hindus to join the army, navy and air force in large numbers so that they might get the necessary training and experience in modern warfare. Savarkar always tried to reason with his opponents if their doubts and object on were genuine and his manner was persuasive. But when he found hypocrisy, imbecility and cowardice passing off as patriotism and generosity his attack grew virulent. He used satire and ridicule to expose the hollowness of such claims. When other leaders in the country were willing to accept the principle of self-determination for the provinces embodied in the Cripps proposals and were wrangling over this or the other portfolio. Savarkar alone rejected this principle saying that it was Pakistan in disguise. In fact it was worse than Pakistan as it gave the right to other states to secede from the federation. The Akhand Hindustan leaders’ conference convened by Savarkar was a feat of diplomacy. He was able to rope in leaders of several political parties and minorities including the Muslim, which the Congress leaders had failed to do in spite of their blank cheques. Savarkar was a chapion of true democracy. He vigorously and successfully opposed all schemes of giving weigh-tages and special representation in councils and services to minorities beyond all proportion to their numerical strength. He fought for the integrity of India. When other leader were willing to give the Muslim Leaguers ‘so much that they would have no desire to ask for more’ Savarkar stayed the hand of those who might have betrayed the Hindus and all that Mr. jinnah could get was ‘a truncated and moth-eaten’ Pakistan. Savarkar travelled through the length and breadth of India. Wherever he went he addressed mammoth gatherings. He was given the same welcome as is accorded to princes. Listening to him was an overwhelming experience. Veer Savarkar will always be remembered by this grateful nation as a patriot who led the country through troubled times, and as a champion of true democracy. He united the Hindus under one flag and gave them an ideology that should inspire and guide them for generations to come. Hindu Mahasabha Later Savarkar joined Tilaks Swaraj Party and founded the Hindu Mahasabha as a separate political party. The Hindu Mahasabha under the leadership of Savarkar and along with other organizations such as Arya Samaj and Hyderabad State Congress launched the Bhaganagar Unarmed Movement against the repressive rule of the Nizam and his Razakars. He was elected President of the Mahasabha and toiled for building Hindu Nationalism and later joined the Quit India movement. Achievments The first political leader to daringly set Absolute Political Independence as Indias goal (1900). The first Indian political leader to daringly perform a bonfire of foreign (English) clothes (1905). The first Indian to organize a revolutionary movement for Indias Independence on an international level (1906). The first Indian law student who was not called to the English Bar despite having passed his examination and observed the necessary formalities, for his activities to seek Indias freedom from the British (1909). The only Indian leader whose arrest in London caused legal difficulties for British Courts and whose case is still referred to in the interpretations of the Fugitive Offenders Act and the Habeas Corpus (Rex Vs Governor of Brixton Prison, ex-parte Savarkar) The first Indian historian whose book on the 1857 War of Independence was proscribed by British Authorities in India even before its publication. The Governor General had asked the Postmaster General to confiscate copies of the book six months before the book were officially banned (1909). The first political prisoner whose daring escape and arrest on French soil became a cause celebre in the International Court of Justice at The Hague. This case was mentioned in many International Treaties at that time (1910). The first graduate whose degree was withdrawn by an Indian University for striving for Indias freedom (1911). The first poet in the world who, deprived of pen and paper, composed his poems and then wrote them on the prison walls with thorns and nails, memorized ten thousand lines of his poetry for years and later transmitted them to India through his fellow-prisoners who also memorized these lines. The first revolutionary leader who within less than 10 years gave a death-blow to the practice of untouchability in the remote district of Ratnagiri while being interned there. The first Indian leader who successfully started A Ganeshotsava open to all Hindus including ex-untouchables (1930). Interdining ceremonies of all Hindus including ex-untouchables (1931). Patitpavan Mandir, open to all Hindus including ex-untouchables (22 February 1931). A cafe open to all Hindus including ex-untouchables (01 May 1933). The first political prisoner in the world who was sentenced to Transportation for Life twice, a sentence unparalleled in the history of the British Empire. The first political leader to embrace death voluntarily by way of Atma Samarpan in the highest tradition of Yoga (1966). Personality According to me, Veer Savarkar had a personality of Extraversion-Introversion. An Extraversion-Introversion personality is the dgree to which a person is social, outgoing, assertive, talkative and expressive. According to his biography we have seen that, he maintained a large number of relationships. He was outgoing especially in his school days. He was very expressive especially when it came to fighting for the rights of India. He had a magnetic personality. Salman Khan Introduction Salman Khan is a renowned Bollywood actor who has worked in more than 80 films so far. His birth name is Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan andis popularly known as Sallu in Bollywood. He is one of the leading and successful actors in Bollywood today. He is bachelor and has no plans for it yet. Over the years, Salman Khan Films have earned a huge reputation for him. Also, his style, his body and his ‘I Don’t Care’ attitude has built a unique reputation for the actor. Even today Salman Khan age is not stopping him from giving blockbusters, neither Salman Khan age, nor Salman Khan height can stop him from being a super rockstar He is one of the few actors, who are liked by both, girls and guys. There was a time when girls used to search Salman Khan address like anything. He was a hotcake among the girls. Whenever, any girl used to get Salman Khan’s address, she would write a love letter by her blood. Early Life Salman Khan was born on December 27, 1965 to father Salim Khan and mother Salma in Indore city of Madhya Pradesh. His mother was a Brahmin before but after marriage converted to Islam. Her maiden name was Sushila Charak. He has two younger brothers Arbaaz Khan and Sohail Khan and two sisters Alvira and Arpita. Arbaaz is also an actor while Sohail is a filmmaker. Salman studied at Scindia School in Gwalior but only for few years and finished his schooling from St. Stanislaus High School in Bandra, Mumbai. He was a good sportsman and swimmer in school. He was poor in his studies and was very keen on joining the film industry. He worked for some time with Hotel Sea Rock Bandra before joining as an assistant director with Shashi Lal Nair during the making of ‘Falak’. Bollywood Career He subsequently made an unconventional debut as Farooque Sheikh’s younger brother in ‘Biwi Ho to Aisi’ in 1988 but went unnoticed in the film world at that stage. The film had the evergreen Rekha as the leading actress. The following year came ‘Maine Pyaar Kiya’ and this changed his life forever. Sooraj Barjatya’s syrupy romance turned Salman Khan into a teen icon. The filem was a simple love story produced by Rajshri and in which he acted with a new actress, Bhagyashree; both became celebrities after the release of this film all over India. The film earned box-office success instantly. Salman became a hot selling star of the era. Every producer with money in his pocket wanted to sign the star on the dotted line. Be it Sooraj Barjatya, or Sanjay Bhansali or even David DHawan, they waited to ign him for their films. In 1994, though Madhuri Dixit, the most successful actress of the Indian screen of her time, walked off with the accolades for her mesmeric presence in ‘Hum Aapke Hain Kaun’, it was to Salman’s Credit that he gracefully played the second fiddle and let her take the show. All this was followed by some action films like Rakesh Roshan’s Karan Arjun and K. K Singhs ‘Veergati’ and ‘’Pyar Kiya to Darna Kya’ to succeed at the box-office. He then acted in Sanjay Bhansali’s ‘Khamoshi’in 1996 which revealed his acting abilities for the first time as a sensitive music composer who loves Manisha Koirala, the daughter of deaf and dumb parents. Finally came ‘Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam’ in 1999 which proved to be a tremendously successful film. Within 10 years of his making his debut film, he began to be ranked as the topmost star of Bollywood. He got a special guest role in ‘Kuch Kuch Hota Hai’ in 1998. He has also acted in ‘Maine Pyar Kyan Kiya’, ‘No Entry’, ‘Kyoki’, ‘Shaad Kar Phas Gaya Yaar’ and ‘Saawan’. He worked in Abbas Mastan’s film â€Å"Chori Chori Chupke Chupke’ in 2001 with Rani Mukherjee and preity Zinta. This multi starrer proved a hit film. He even acted under the direction of Dev Anand in ‘Love at Times Square’ but it was an average film. His film ‘No Entry’ proved a super hit. His films with Davvid Dhawan Dhawan like ‘Deewana Mastana’, in which he gave a guest appearance in ‘Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge’, ‘Chal Mere Bhai’ and ‘Yeh Hai Jalwa’ cemented his image and his popularity grew with every film he acted in. He was called the star of David Dhawan. Apart from many other films, he acted in ‘Mujhse Shaadi Karoge’ in 2004 and in ‘Phir Milenge’ based on AIDS patients, but these films bombed at the box-office. He acted in his brother-in-law’s film ‘Dil Ne Jise Apna Kaha’ with Preity Zinta based on a love story developed under the shadow of terrorism and shot in the intense cold temperature of Russia. Salman Khan acted in director Ravi Chopra’s film ‘Baghban’ in which he gave a unique and commendable performance as an adopted son. According to Salman he is not afraid of speaking the truth and his strength lies in his honesty. He loves children and often visits children afflicted by AIDS and cancer. He even auctioned a 24-carat gold trophy to donate the amount to a home for the aged. What is most suprising about him is that he never fails to remain away from the limelight, or for driving rashly and knocking down people or for killing endangered animals. In what must have been the ugliest time of his public life, Salman Khan was arrested in Rajasthan in 1998 while shooting for Sooraj Barjatya’s film ‘Hum Saath Saath Hai’. He was charged for hunting the Black Buck Deer. After spending a few days in the local prison, he was released much to the film industry’s relief. The court case was filed by the Bishnoi community of Rajasthan for poaching black buck in Jodhpur. On 10 April 2006, he was given rigorous imprisonment for five years but was granted bail on April 30. His activist apart, he will continue to remain in the news for time to come.